The virion N protein of infectious bronchitis virus is more phosphorylated than the N protein from infected cell lysates

Because phosphorylation of the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) nucleocapsid protein (N) may regulate its multiple roles in viral replication, the dynamics of N phosphorylation were examined. (32)P-orthophosphate labeling and Western blot analyses confirmed that N was the only viral protein that was phosphorylated. Pulse labeling with (32)P-orthophosphate indicated that the IBV N protein was phosphorylated in the virion, as well as at all times during infection in either chicken embryo kidney cells or Vero cells. Pulse-chase analyses followed by immunoprecipitation of IBV N proteins using rabbit anti-IBV N polyclonal antibody demonstrated that the phosphate on the N protein was stable for at least 1 h. Simultaneous labeling with (32)P-orthophosphate and (3)H-leucine identified a 3.5-fold increase in the (32)P:(3)H counts per minute (cpm) ratio of N in the virion as compared to the (32)P:(3)H cpm ratio of N in the cell lysates from chicken embryo kidney cells, whereas in Vero cells the (32)P:(3)H cpm ratio of N from the virion was 10.5-fold greater than the (32)P:(3)H cpm ratio of N from the cell lysates. These studies are consistent with the phosphorylation of the IBV N playing a role in assembly or maturation of the viral particle.