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Adult outpatient experience of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic: Clinical course, pathogens, and evaluation of case definitions
OBJECTIVES: The aim was to describe causative agents and clinical characteristics in adult outpatients with upper airway symptoms during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic and to evaluate case definitions that are used in clinical practice. METHODS: From August through December 2009, 964 symptomatic adult outpa...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
2011
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7112679/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21420427 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2011.03.005 |
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author | Smit, Patrick M. Limper, Maarten van Gorp, Eric C.M. Smits, Paul H.M. Beijnen, Jos H. Brandjes, Dees P.M. Mulder, Jan W. |
author_facet | Smit, Patrick M. Limper, Maarten van Gorp, Eric C.M. Smits, Paul H.M. Beijnen, Jos H. Brandjes, Dees P.M. Mulder, Jan W. |
author_sort | Smit, Patrick M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVES: The aim was to describe causative agents and clinical characteristics in adult outpatients with upper airway symptoms during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic and to evaluate case definitions that are used in clinical practice. METHODS: From August through December 2009, 964 symptomatic adult outpatients were included. RT-PCR was used to detect the following pathogens: influenza A (H1N1) and B, parainfluenza 1–4, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, human coronavirus (OC43, 229E, NL63), Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella species. The Dutch GHOR, American CDC and WHO, and British HPA case definitions were evaluated. RESULTS: A respiratory pathogen was detected in 41% of tested patient samples; influenza A (H1N1) and human rhinovirus were both detected in 16%. Clinical presentation of influenza cases was significantly more serious when compared to rhinovirus or negative-tested cases. Test characteristics were almost similar for all 4 case definitions, with an average sensitivity of 66%, specificity of 70%, positive predictive value of 34% and negative predictive value of 90%. CONCLUSIONS: Influenza A (H1N1) and human rhinovirus were the major pathogens responsible for respiratory disease. The 2009 H1N1 pandemic in Amsterdam followed a mild course. Test characteristics of 4 different clinical case definitions seemed comparable but rather useless. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7112679 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71126792020-04-02 Adult outpatient experience of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic: Clinical course, pathogens, and evaluation of case definitions Smit, Patrick M. Limper, Maarten van Gorp, Eric C.M. Smits, Paul H.M. Beijnen, Jos H. Brandjes, Dees P.M. Mulder, Jan W. J Infect Article OBJECTIVES: The aim was to describe causative agents and clinical characteristics in adult outpatients with upper airway symptoms during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic and to evaluate case definitions that are used in clinical practice. METHODS: From August through December 2009, 964 symptomatic adult outpatients were included. RT-PCR was used to detect the following pathogens: influenza A (H1N1) and B, parainfluenza 1–4, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, human coronavirus (OC43, 229E, NL63), Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella species. The Dutch GHOR, American CDC and WHO, and British HPA case definitions were evaluated. RESULTS: A respiratory pathogen was detected in 41% of tested patient samples; influenza A (H1N1) and human rhinovirus were both detected in 16%. Clinical presentation of influenza cases was significantly more serious when compared to rhinovirus or negative-tested cases. Test characteristics were almost similar for all 4 case definitions, with an average sensitivity of 66%, specificity of 70%, positive predictive value of 34% and negative predictive value of 90%. CONCLUSIONS: Influenza A (H1N1) and human rhinovirus were the major pathogens responsible for respiratory disease. The 2009 H1N1 pandemic in Amsterdam followed a mild course. Test characteristics of 4 different clinical case definitions seemed comparable but rather useless. The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. 2011-05 2011-03-21 /pmc/articles/PMC7112679/ /pubmed/21420427 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2011.03.005 Text en Copyright © 2011 The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Article Smit, Patrick M. Limper, Maarten van Gorp, Eric C.M. Smits, Paul H.M. Beijnen, Jos H. Brandjes, Dees P.M. Mulder, Jan W. Adult outpatient experience of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic: Clinical course, pathogens, and evaluation of case definitions |
title | Adult outpatient experience of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic: Clinical course, pathogens, and evaluation of case definitions |
title_full | Adult outpatient experience of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic: Clinical course, pathogens, and evaluation of case definitions |
title_fullStr | Adult outpatient experience of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic: Clinical course, pathogens, and evaluation of case definitions |
title_full_unstemmed | Adult outpatient experience of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic: Clinical course, pathogens, and evaluation of case definitions |
title_short | Adult outpatient experience of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic: Clinical course, pathogens, and evaluation of case definitions |
title_sort | adult outpatient experience of the 2009 h1n1 pandemic: clinical course, pathogens, and evaluation of case definitions |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7112679/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21420427 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2011.03.005 |
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