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Cell biomechanics and mechanobiology in bacteria: Challenges and opportunities

Physical forces play a profound role in the survival and function of all known forms of life. Advances in cell biomechanics and mechanobiology have provided key insights into the physiology of eukaryotic organisms, but much less is known about the roles of physical forces in bacterial physiology. Th...

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Autores principales: Harper, Christine E., Hernandez, Christopher J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: AIP Publishing LLC 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7113033/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32266323
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5135585
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author Harper, Christine E.
Hernandez, Christopher J.
author_facet Harper, Christine E.
Hernandez, Christopher J.
author_sort Harper, Christine E.
collection PubMed
description Physical forces play a profound role in the survival and function of all known forms of life. Advances in cell biomechanics and mechanobiology have provided key insights into the physiology of eukaryotic organisms, but much less is known about the roles of physical forces in bacterial physiology. This review is an introduction to bacterial mechanics intended for persons familiar with cells and biomechanics in mammalian cells. Bacteria play a major role in human health, either as pathogens or as beneficial commensal organisms within the microbiome. Although bacteria have long been known to be sensitive to their mechanical environment, understanding the effects of physical forces on bacterial physiology has been limited by their small size (∼1 μm). However, advancements in micro- and nano-scale technologies over the past few years have increasingly made it possible to rigorously examine the mechanical stress and strain within individual bacteria. Here, we review the methods currently used to examine bacteria from a mechanical perspective, including the subcellular structures in bacteria and how they differ from those in mammalian cells, as well as micro- and nanomechanical approaches to studying bacteria, and studies showing the effects of physical forces on bacterial physiology. Recent findings indicate a large range in mechanical properties of bacteria and show that physical forces can have a profound effect on bacterial survival, growth, biofilm formation, and resistance to toxins and antibiotics. Advances in the field of bacterial biomechanics have the potential to lead to novel antibacterial strategies, biotechnology approaches, and applications in synthetic biology.
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spelling pubmed-71130332020-04-07 Cell biomechanics and mechanobiology in bacteria: Challenges and opportunities Harper, Christine E. Hernandez, Christopher J. APL Bioeng Reviews Physical forces play a profound role in the survival and function of all known forms of life. Advances in cell biomechanics and mechanobiology have provided key insights into the physiology of eukaryotic organisms, but much less is known about the roles of physical forces in bacterial physiology. This review is an introduction to bacterial mechanics intended for persons familiar with cells and biomechanics in mammalian cells. Bacteria play a major role in human health, either as pathogens or as beneficial commensal organisms within the microbiome. Although bacteria have long been known to be sensitive to their mechanical environment, understanding the effects of physical forces on bacterial physiology has been limited by their small size (∼1 μm). However, advancements in micro- and nano-scale technologies over the past few years have increasingly made it possible to rigorously examine the mechanical stress and strain within individual bacteria. Here, we review the methods currently used to examine bacteria from a mechanical perspective, including the subcellular structures in bacteria and how they differ from those in mammalian cells, as well as micro- and nanomechanical approaches to studying bacteria, and studies showing the effects of physical forces on bacterial physiology. Recent findings indicate a large range in mechanical properties of bacteria and show that physical forces can have a profound effect on bacterial survival, growth, biofilm formation, and resistance to toxins and antibiotics. Advances in the field of bacterial biomechanics have the potential to lead to novel antibacterial strategies, biotechnology approaches, and applications in synthetic biology. AIP Publishing LLC 2020-04-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7113033/ /pubmed/32266323 http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5135585 Text en © Author(s). 2473-2877/2020/4(2)/021501/9 All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Reviews
Harper, Christine E.
Hernandez, Christopher J.
Cell biomechanics and mechanobiology in bacteria: Challenges and opportunities
title Cell biomechanics and mechanobiology in bacteria: Challenges and opportunities
title_full Cell biomechanics and mechanobiology in bacteria: Challenges and opportunities
title_fullStr Cell biomechanics and mechanobiology in bacteria: Challenges and opportunities
title_full_unstemmed Cell biomechanics and mechanobiology in bacteria: Challenges and opportunities
title_short Cell biomechanics and mechanobiology in bacteria: Challenges and opportunities
title_sort cell biomechanics and mechanobiology in bacteria: challenges and opportunities
topic Reviews
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7113033/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32266323
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5135585
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