Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Modified Membranes by Ti(3)C(2)T(x) for Ethanol Dehydration via Pervaporation

[Image: see text] In this paper, PVA/Ti(3)C(2)T(x) mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared by mixing the synthesized Ti(3)C(2)T(x) with the PVA matrix, and the pervaporation (PV) performance of the ethanol–water binary system was tested. The morphology, structural properties, and surface characteristics of the membranes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, degree of swelling, and water contact angle. The PVA/Ti(3)C(2)T(x) MMMs exhibit excellent compatibility and swelling resistance. Moreover the effects of the Ti(3)C(2)T(x) filling level, feed concentration, and operating temperature on the ethanol dehydration performance were systematically studied. The results demonstrated that the separation factor of PVA/Ti(3)C(2)T(x) MMMs was significantly increased because of Ti(3)C(2)T(x) promoting the cross-linking density of the membrane. Specifically, the membrane showed the best PV performance when Ti(3)C(2)T(x) loading was 3.0 wt %, achieving a separation factor of 2585 and a suitable total flux of 0.074 kg/m(2) h for separating 93 wt % ethanol solution at 37 °C.