Cargando…
Valuing increased zinc (Zn) fertiliser-use in Pakistan
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Use of zinc (Zn) fertilisers may be cost-effective in increasing crop yields and in alleviating dietary Zn deficiency. However, Zn fertilisers are underutilised in many countries despite the widespread occurrence of Zn-deficient soils. Here, increased Zn fertiliser-use scenarios...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer International Publishing
2016
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7115018/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32269389 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-016-2961-7 |
_version_ | 1783514009780092928 |
---|---|
author | Joy, Edward J. M. Ahmad, Waqar Zia, Munir H. Kumssa, Diriba B. Young, Scott D. Ander, E. Louise Watts, Michael J. Stein, Alexander J. Broadley, Martin R. |
author_facet | Joy, Edward J. M. Ahmad, Waqar Zia, Munir H. Kumssa, Diriba B. Young, Scott D. Ander, E. Louise Watts, Michael J. Stein, Alexander J. Broadley, Martin R. |
author_sort | Joy, Edward J. M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Use of zinc (Zn) fertilisers may be cost-effective in increasing crop yields and in alleviating dietary Zn deficiency. However, Zn fertilisers are underutilised in many countries despite the widespread occurrence of Zn-deficient soils. Here, increased Zn fertiliser-use scenarios were simulated for wheat production in Punjab and Sindh Provinces, Pakistan. Inputs and outputs were valued in terms of both potential yield gains as well as health gains in the population. METHODS: The current dietary Zn deficiency risk of 23.9 % in Pakistan was based on food supply and wheat grain surveys. “Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost” are a common metric of disease burden; an estimated 245,000 DALYs y(−1) are lost in Punjab and Sindh due to Zn deficiency. Baseline Zn fertiliser-use of 7.3 kt y(−1) ZnSO(4).H2O was obtained from published and industry sources. The wheat area currently receiving Zn fertilisers, and grain yield responses of 8 and 14 % in Punjab and Sindh, respectively, were based on a recent survey of >2500 farmers. Increased grain Zn concentrations under Zn fertilisation were estimated from literature data and converted to improved Zn intake in humans and ultimately a reduction in DALYs lost. RESULTS: Application of Zn fertilisers to the area currently under wheat production in Punjab and Sindh, at current soil: foliar usage ratios, could increase dietary Zn supply from ~12.6 to 14.6 mg capita (−1) d(−1), and almost halve the prevalence of Zn deficiency, assuming no other changes to food consumption. Gross wheat yield could increase by 2.0 and 0.6 Mt. grain y(−1) in Punjab and Sindh, respectively, representing an additional return of US$ >800 M and an annual increased grain supply of 19 kg capita (−1). CONCLUSIONS: There are potential market- and subsidy-based incentives to increase Zn fertiliser-use in Pakistan. Benefit-Cost Ratios (BCRs) for yield alone are 13.3 and 17.5 for Punjab and Sindh, respectively. If each DALY is monetised at one to three fold Gross National Income per capita on purchasing power parity (GNI(PPP)), full adoption of Zn fertiliser for wheat provides an additional annual return of 405–1216 M International Dollars (I$) in Punjab alone, at a cost per DALY saved of I$ 461–619. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11104-016-2961-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7115018 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Springer International Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71150182020-04-06 Valuing increased zinc (Zn) fertiliser-use in Pakistan Joy, Edward J. M. Ahmad, Waqar Zia, Munir H. Kumssa, Diriba B. Young, Scott D. Ander, E. Louise Watts, Michael J. Stein, Alexander J. Broadley, Martin R. Plant Soil Regular Article BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Use of zinc (Zn) fertilisers may be cost-effective in increasing crop yields and in alleviating dietary Zn deficiency. However, Zn fertilisers are underutilised in many countries despite the widespread occurrence of Zn-deficient soils. Here, increased Zn fertiliser-use scenarios were simulated for wheat production in Punjab and Sindh Provinces, Pakistan. Inputs and outputs were valued in terms of both potential yield gains as well as health gains in the population. METHODS: The current dietary Zn deficiency risk of 23.9 % in Pakistan was based on food supply and wheat grain surveys. “Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost” are a common metric of disease burden; an estimated 245,000 DALYs y(−1) are lost in Punjab and Sindh due to Zn deficiency. Baseline Zn fertiliser-use of 7.3 kt y(−1) ZnSO(4).H2O was obtained from published and industry sources. The wheat area currently receiving Zn fertilisers, and grain yield responses of 8 and 14 % in Punjab and Sindh, respectively, were based on a recent survey of >2500 farmers. Increased grain Zn concentrations under Zn fertilisation were estimated from literature data and converted to improved Zn intake in humans and ultimately a reduction in DALYs lost. RESULTS: Application of Zn fertilisers to the area currently under wheat production in Punjab and Sindh, at current soil: foliar usage ratios, could increase dietary Zn supply from ~12.6 to 14.6 mg capita (−1) d(−1), and almost halve the prevalence of Zn deficiency, assuming no other changes to food consumption. Gross wheat yield could increase by 2.0 and 0.6 Mt. grain y(−1) in Punjab and Sindh, respectively, representing an additional return of US$ >800 M and an annual increased grain supply of 19 kg capita (−1). CONCLUSIONS: There are potential market- and subsidy-based incentives to increase Zn fertiliser-use in Pakistan. Benefit-Cost Ratios (BCRs) for yield alone are 13.3 and 17.5 for Punjab and Sindh, respectively. If each DALY is monetised at one to three fold Gross National Income per capita on purchasing power parity (GNI(PPP)), full adoption of Zn fertiliser for wheat provides an additional annual return of 405–1216 M International Dollars (I$) in Punjab alone, at a cost per DALY saved of I$ 461–619. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11104-016-2961-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Springer International Publishing 2016-07-08 2017 /pmc/articles/PMC7115018/ /pubmed/32269389 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-016-2961-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2016 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. |
spellingShingle | Regular Article Joy, Edward J. M. Ahmad, Waqar Zia, Munir H. Kumssa, Diriba B. Young, Scott D. Ander, E. Louise Watts, Michael J. Stein, Alexander J. Broadley, Martin R. Valuing increased zinc (Zn) fertiliser-use in Pakistan |
title | Valuing increased zinc (Zn) fertiliser-use in Pakistan |
title_full | Valuing increased zinc (Zn) fertiliser-use in Pakistan |
title_fullStr | Valuing increased zinc (Zn) fertiliser-use in Pakistan |
title_full_unstemmed | Valuing increased zinc (Zn) fertiliser-use in Pakistan |
title_short | Valuing increased zinc (Zn) fertiliser-use in Pakistan |
title_sort | valuing increased zinc (zn) fertiliser-use in pakistan |
topic | Regular Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7115018/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32269389 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-016-2961-7 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT joyedwardjm valuingincreasedzincznfertiliseruseinpakistan AT ahmadwaqar valuingincreasedzincznfertiliseruseinpakistan AT ziamunirh valuingincreasedzincznfertiliseruseinpakistan AT kumssadiribab valuingincreasedzincznfertiliseruseinpakistan AT youngscottd valuingincreasedzincznfertiliseruseinpakistan AT anderelouise valuingincreasedzincznfertiliseruseinpakistan AT wattsmichaelj valuingincreasedzincznfertiliseruseinpakistan AT steinalexanderj valuingincreasedzincznfertiliseruseinpakistan AT broadleymartinr valuingincreasedzincznfertiliseruseinpakistan |