Cargando…

Anti-amebic effects of Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) leaves' extract, the anthraquinone rhein and related compounds

Entamoeba histolytica infects 50 million people worldwide and causes 55 thousand fatalities every year. Current anti-amebic drugs (e.g. paromomycin) work either at the level of the intestinal lumen (where trophozoites proliferate via cell divisions) or on the invasive trophozoites that have penetrat...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Espinosa, Avelina, Paz-y-Miño-C, Guillermo, Santos, Yoly, Ma, Hang, Nadeau, Michael, Seeram, Navindra P., Rowley, David C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7118315/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32258515
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03693
_version_ 1783514535362035712
author Espinosa, Avelina
Paz-y-Miño-C, Guillermo
Santos, Yoly
Ma, Hang
Nadeau, Michael
Seeram, Navindra P.
Rowley, David C.
author_facet Espinosa, Avelina
Paz-y-Miño-C, Guillermo
Santos, Yoly
Ma, Hang
Nadeau, Michael
Seeram, Navindra P.
Rowley, David C.
author_sort Espinosa, Avelina
collection PubMed
description Entamoeba histolytica infects 50 million people worldwide and causes 55 thousand fatalities every year. Current anti-amebic drugs (e.g. paromomycin) work either at the level of the intestinal lumen (where trophozoites proliferate via cell divisions) or on the invasive trophozoites that have penetrated the gut or colonized internal organs (e.g. metronidazole). Some of these drugs are highly toxic to patients, have generated trophozoite resistance, or caused mutations and cancer in laboratory animals. Thus, alternative anti-amebic compounds need to be identified to minimize the side effects (on patients) or resistance (by amebas) to current treatments. The literature suggests that anthraquinones (chemicals found in medicinal plants) have antibacterial, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Here we provide experimental evidence that Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) leaves' extract (rich in the anthraquinone rhein) inhibits E. histolytica trophozoite growth in vitro. In addition, from a set of ten isolated/synthetic anthraquinones (which we suspected to have anti-amebic properties), four analogs (rhein; AHHDAC = 1-amino-4-hydroxy-9, 10-dioxo-9, 10-dihydro-anthracene-2-carboxylic acid; unisol blue AS; and sennoside B) efficiently inhibited amebic growth at EIC(50) concentrations comparable to metronidazole. The mechanism of action of these compounds still needs to be determined, although anthraquinones might enhance the production of toxic oxygen metabolites as it has been suggested for various protists (e.g. Leishmania, Plasmodium, Trypanosoma). Our research is the first to explore anti-amebic effects of Chinese rhubarb leaves' extract and isolated/synthetic anthraquinones on pathogenic Entamoeba.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7118315
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher Elsevier
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-71183152020-04-06 Anti-amebic effects of Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) leaves' extract, the anthraquinone rhein and related compounds Espinosa, Avelina Paz-y-Miño-C, Guillermo Santos, Yoly Ma, Hang Nadeau, Michael Seeram, Navindra P. Rowley, David C. Heliyon Article Entamoeba histolytica infects 50 million people worldwide and causes 55 thousand fatalities every year. Current anti-amebic drugs (e.g. paromomycin) work either at the level of the intestinal lumen (where trophozoites proliferate via cell divisions) or on the invasive trophozoites that have penetrated the gut or colonized internal organs (e.g. metronidazole). Some of these drugs are highly toxic to patients, have generated trophozoite resistance, or caused mutations and cancer in laboratory animals. Thus, alternative anti-amebic compounds need to be identified to minimize the side effects (on patients) or resistance (by amebas) to current treatments. The literature suggests that anthraquinones (chemicals found in medicinal plants) have antibacterial, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Here we provide experimental evidence that Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) leaves' extract (rich in the anthraquinone rhein) inhibits E. histolytica trophozoite growth in vitro. In addition, from a set of ten isolated/synthetic anthraquinones (which we suspected to have anti-amebic properties), four analogs (rhein; AHHDAC = 1-amino-4-hydroxy-9, 10-dioxo-9, 10-dihydro-anthracene-2-carboxylic acid; unisol blue AS; and sennoside B) efficiently inhibited amebic growth at EIC(50) concentrations comparable to metronidazole. The mechanism of action of these compounds still needs to be determined, although anthraquinones might enhance the production of toxic oxygen metabolites as it has been suggested for various protists (e.g. Leishmania, Plasmodium, Trypanosoma). Our research is the first to explore anti-amebic effects of Chinese rhubarb leaves' extract and isolated/synthetic anthraquinones on pathogenic Entamoeba. Elsevier 2020-04-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7118315/ /pubmed/32258515 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03693 Text en © 2020 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Espinosa, Avelina
Paz-y-Miño-C, Guillermo
Santos, Yoly
Ma, Hang
Nadeau, Michael
Seeram, Navindra P.
Rowley, David C.
Anti-amebic effects of Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) leaves' extract, the anthraquinone rhein and related compounds
title Anti-amebic effects of Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) leaves' extract, the anthraquinone rhein and related compounds
title_full Anti-amebic effects of Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) leaves' extract, the anthraquinone rhein and related compounds
title_fullStr Anti-amebic effects of Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) leaves' extract, the anthraquinone rhein and related compounds
title_full_unstemmed Anti-amebic effects of Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) leaves' extract, the anthraquinone rhein and related compounds
title_short Anti-amebic effects of Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) leaves' extract, the anthraquinone rhein and related compounds
title_sort anti-amebic effects of chinese rhubarb (rheum palmatum) leaves' extract, the anthraquinone rhein and related compounds
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7118315/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32258515
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03693
work_keys_str_mv AT espinosaavelina antiamebiceffectsofchineserhubarbrheumpalmatumleavesextracttheanthraquinonerheinandrelatedcompounds
AT pazyminocguillermo antiamebiceffectsofchineserhubarbrheumpalmatumleavesextracttheanthraquinonerheinandrelatedcompounds
AT santosyoly antiamebiceffectsofchineserhubarbrheumpalmatumleavesextracttheanthraquinonerheinandrelatedcompounds
AT mahang antiamebiceffectsofchineserhubarbrheumpalmatumleavesextracttheanthraquinonerheinandrelatedcompounds
AT nadeaumichael antiamebiceffectsofchineserhubarbrheumpalmatumleavesextracttheanthraquinonerheinandrelatedcompounds
AT seeramnavindrap antiamebiceffectsofchineserhubarbrheumpalmatumleavesextracttheanthraquinonerheinandrelatedcompounds
AT rowleydavidc antiamebiceffectsofchineserhubarbrheumpalmatumleavesextracttheanthraquinonerheinandrelatedcompounds