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Anti-amebic effects of Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) leaves' extract, the anthraquinone rhein and related compounds
Entamoeba histolytica infects 50 million people worldwide and causes 55 thousand fatalities every year. Current anti-amebic drugs (e.g. paromomycin) work either at the level of the intestinal lumen (where trophozoites proliferate via cell divisions) or on the invasive trophozoites that have penetrat...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7118315/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32258515 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03693 |
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author | Espinosa, Avelina Paz-y-Miño-C, Guillermo Santos, Yoly Ma, Hang Nadeau, Michael Seeram, Navindra P. Rowley, David C. |
author_facet | Espinosa, Avelina Paz-y-Miño-C, Guillermo Santos, Yoly Ma, Hang Nadeau, Michael Seeram, Navindra P. Rowley, David C. |
author_sort | Espinosa, Avelina |
collection | PubMed |
description | Entamoeba histolytica infects 50 million people worldwide and causes 55 thousand fatalities every year. Current anti-amebic drugs (e.g. paromomycin) work either at the level of the intestinal lumen (where trophozoites proliferate via cell divisions) or on the invasive trophozoites that have penetrated the gut or colonized internal organs (e.g. metronidazole). Some of these drugs are highly toxic to patients, have generated trophozoite resistance, or caused mutations and cancer in laboratory animals. Thus, alternative anti-amebic compounds need to be identified to minimize the side effects (on patients) or resistance (by amebas) to current treatments. The literature suggests that anthraquinones (chemicals found in medicinal plants) have antibacterial, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Here we provide experimental evidence that Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) leaves' extract (rich in the anthraquinone rhein) inhibits E. histolytica trophozoite growth in vitro. In addition, from a set of ten isolated/synthetic anthraquinones (which we suspected to have anti-amebic properties), four analogs (rhein; AHHDAC = 1-amino-4-hydroxy-9, 10-dioxo-9, 10-dihydro-anthracene-2-carboxylic acid; unisol blue AS; and sennoside B) efficiently inhibited amebic growth at EIC(50) concentrations comparable to metronidazole. The mechanism of action of these compounds still needs to be determined, although anthraquinones might enhance the production of toxic oxygen metabolites as it has been suggested for various protists (e.g. Leishmania, Plasmodium, Trypanosoma). Our research is the first to explore anti-amebic effects of Chinese rhubarb leaves' extract and isolated/synthetic anthraquinones on pathogenic Entamoeba. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7118315 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Elsevier |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71183152020-04-06 Anti-amebic effects of Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) leaves' extract, the anthraquinone rhein and related compounds Espinosa, Avelina Paz-y-Miño-C, Guillermo Santos, Yoly Ma, Hang Nadeau, Michael Seeram, Navindra P. Rowley, David C. Heliyon Article Entamoeba histolytica infects 50 million people worldwide and causes 55 thousand fatalities every year. Current anti-amebic drugs (e.g. paromomycin) work either at the level of the intestinal lumen (where trophozoites proliferate via cell divisions) or on the invasive trophozoites that have penetrated the gut or colonized internal organs (e.g. metronidazole). Some of these drugs are highly toxic to patients, have generated trophozoite resistance, or caused mutations and cancer in laboratory animals. Thus, alternative anti-amebic compounds need to be identified to minimize the side effects (on patients) or resistance (by amebas) to current treatments. The literature suggests that anthraquinones (chemicals found in medicinal plants) have antibacterial, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Here we provide experimental evidence that Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) leaves' extract (rich in the anthraquinone rhein) inhibits E. histolytica trophozoite growth in vitro. In addition, from a set of ten isolated/synthetic anthraquinones (which we suspected to have anti-amebic properties), four analogs (rhein; AHHDAC = 1-amino-4-hydroxy-9, 10-dioxo-9, 10-dihydro-anthracene-2-carboxylic acid; unisol blue AS; and sennoside B) efficiently inhibited amebic growth at EIC(50) concentrations comparable to metronidazole. The mechanism of action of these compounds still needs to be determined, although anthraquinones might enhance the production of toxic oxygen metabolites as it has been suggested for various protists (e.g. Leishmania, Plasmodium, Trypanosoma). Our research is the first to explore anti-amebic effects of Chinese rhubarb leaves' extract and isolated/synthetic anthraquinones on pathogenic Entamoeba. Elsevier 2020-04-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7118315/ /pubmed/32258515 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03693 Text en © 2020 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Espinosa, Avelina Paz-y-Miño-C, Guillermo Santos, Yoly Ma, Hang Nadeau, Michael Seeram, Navindra P. Rowley, David C. Anti-amebic effects of Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) leaves' extract, the anthraquinone rhein and related compounds |
title | Anti-amebic effects of Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) leaves' extract, the anthraquinone rhein and related compounds |
title_full | Anti-amebic effects of Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) leaves' extract, the anthraquinone rhein and related compounds |
title_fullStr | Anti-amebic effects of Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) leaves' extract, the anthraquinone rhein and related compounds |
title_full_unstemmed | Anti-amebic effects of Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) leaves' extract, the anthraquinone rhein and related compounds |
title_short | Anti-amebic effects of Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) leaves' extract, the anthraquinone rhein and related compounds |
title_sort | anti-amebic effects of chinese rhubarb (rheum palmatum) leaves' extract, the anthraquinone rhein and related compounds |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7118315/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32258515 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03693 |
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