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Daily fluctuating temperatures decrease growth and reproduction rate of a lethal amphibian fungal pathogen in culture

BACKGROUND: Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are contributing to species die-offs worldwide. We can better understand EIDs by using ecological approaches to study pathogen biology. For example, pathogens are exposed to variable temperatures across daily, seasonal, and annual scales. Exposure to t...

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Autores principales: Lindauer, Alexa L., Maier, Paul A., Voyles, Jamie
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7118903/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32245440
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12898-020-00286-7
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author Lindauer, Alexa L.
Maier, Paul A.
Voyles, Jamie
author_facet Lindauer, Alexa L.
Maier, Paul A.
Voyles, Jamie
author_sort Lindauer, Alexa L.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are contributing to species die-offs worldwide. We can better understand EIDs by using ecological approaches to study pathogen biology. For example, pathogens are exposed to variable temperatures across daily, seasonal, and annual scales. Exposure to temperature fluctuations may reduce pathogen growth and reproduction, which could affect pathogen virulence, transmission, and environmental persistence with implications for disease. We examined the effect of a variable thermal environment on reproductive life history traits of the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Bd causes chytridiomycosis, an emerging infectious disease of amphibians. As a pathogen of ectothermic hosts, Bd can be exposed to large temperature fluctuations in nature. To determine the effect of fluctuating temperatures on Bd growth and reproduction, we collected temperature data from breeding pools of the Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus canorus), a federally threatened species that is susceptible to chytridiomycosis. We cultured Bd under a daily fluctuating temperature regime that simulated Yosemite toad breeding pool temperatures and measured Bd growth, reproduction, fecundity, and viability. RESULTS: We observed decreased Bd growth and reproduction in a diurnally fluctuating thermal environment as compared to cultures grown at constant temperatures within the optimal Bd thermal range. We also found that Bd exhibits temperature-induced trade-offs under constant low and constant high temperature conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide novel insights on variable responses of Bd to dynamic thermal conditions and highlight the importance of incorporating realistic temperature fluctuations into investigations of pathogen ecology and EIDs.
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spelling pubmed-71189032020-04-07 Daily fluctuating temperatures decrease growth and reproduction rate of a lethal amphibian fungal pathogen in culture Lindauer, Alexa L. Maier, Paul A. Voyles, Jamie BMC Ecol Research Article BACKGROUND: Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are contributing to species die-offs worldwide. We can better understand EIDs by using ecological approaches to study pathogen biology. For example, pathogens are exposed to variable temperatures across daily, seasonal, and annual scales. Exposure to temperature fluctuations may reduce pathogen growth and reproduction, which could affect pathogen virulence, transmission, and environmental persistence with implications for disease. We examined the effect of a variable thermal environment on reproductive life history traits of the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Bd causes chytridiomycosis, an emerging infectious disease of amphibians. As a pathogen of ectothermic hosts, Bd can be exposed to large temperature fluctuations in nature. To determine the effect of fluctuating temperatures on Bd growth and reproduction, we collected temperature data from breeding pools of the Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus canorus), a federally threatened species that is susceptible to chytridiomycosis. We cultured Bd under a daily fluctuating temperature regime that simulated Yosemite toad breeding pool temperatures and measured Bd growth, reproduction, fecundity, and viability. RESULTS: We observed decreased Bd growth and reproduction in a diurnally fluctuating thermal environment as compared to cultures grown at constant temperatures within the optimal Bd thermal range. We also found that Bd exhibits temperature-induced trade-offs under constant low and constant high temperature conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide novel insights on variable responses of Bd to dynamic thermal conditions and highlight the importance of incorporating realistic temperature fluctuations into investigations of pathogen ecology and EIDs. BioMed Central 2020-04-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7118903/ /pubmed/32245440 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12898-020-00286-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research Article
Lindauer, Alexa L.
Maier, Paul A.
Voyles, Jamie
Daily fluctuating temperatures decrease growth and reproduction rate of a lethal amphibian fungal pathogen in culture
title Daily fluctuating temperatures decrease growth and reproduction rate of a lethal amphibian fungal pathogen in culture
title_full Daily fluctuating temperatures decrease growth and reproduction rate of a lethal amphibian fungal pathogen in culture
title_fullStr Daily fluctuating temperatures decrease growth and reproduction rate of a lethal amphibian fungal pathogen in culture
title_full_unstemmed Daily fluctuating temperatures decrease growth and reproduction rate of a lethal amphibian fungal pathogen in culture
title_short Daily fluctuating temperatures decrease growth and reproduction rate of a lethal amphibian fungal pathogen in culture
title_sort daily fluctuating temperatures decrease growth and reproduction rate of a lethal amphibian fungal pathogen in culture
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7118903/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32245440
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12898-020-00286-7
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