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A review of the animal disease outbreaks and biosecure animal mortality composting systems

Despite the development of new vaccines and the application of rigorous biosecurity measures, animal diseases pose a continuing threat to animal health, food safety, national economy, and the environment. Intense livestock production, increased travel, and changing climate have increased the risk of...

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Autores principales: Costa, Tiago, Akdeniz, Neslihan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier Ltd. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7126724/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31088667
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.04.047
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author Costa, Tiago
Akdeniz, Neslihan
author_facet Costa, Tiago
Akdeniz, Neslihan
author_sort Costa, Tiago
collection PubMed
description Despite the development of new vaccines and the application of rigorous biosecurity measures, animal diseases pose a continuing threat to animal health, food safety, national economy, and the environment. Intense livestock production, increased travel, and changing climate have increased the risk of catastrophic animal losses due to infectious diseases. In the event of an outbreak, it is essential to properly manage the infected animals to prevent the spread of diseases. The most common disposal methods used during a disease outbreak include burial, landfilling, incineration and composting. Biosecurity, transportation logistics, public perception, and environmental concerns limit the use of some of these methods. During a disease outbreak, the large number of mortalities often exceeds the capacity of local rendering plants and landfills. Transporting mortalities to disposal and incineration facilities outside the production operation introduces biosecurity risks. Burying mortalities is limited by the size and availability of suitable sites and it has the risk of pathogen survival and contamination of groundwater and soil. Portable incinerators are expensive and have the potential to aerosolize infectious particles. Composting, on the other hand, has been recognized as a biosecure disposal method. Research showed that it eliminates bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157: H7, Salmonella spp., as well as viruses including highly pathogenic avian influenza, foot-and-mouth disease, Newcastle disease, and porcine epidemic diarrhea. This paper summarizes the lessons learned during the major animal disease outbreaks including the 2010 foot-and-mouth disease, 2016 highly pathogenic avian influenza, and recent African swine fever outbreaks. The purpose of this review is to critically discuss the biosecurity of composting as a mortality disposal method during the outbreaks of infectious animal diseases.
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spelling pubmed-71267242020-04-08 A review of the animal disease outbreaks and biosecure animal mortality composting systems Costa, Tiago Akdeniz, Neslihan Waste Manag Article Despite the development of new vaccines and the application of rigorous biosecurity measures, animal diseases pose a continuing threat to animal health, food safety, national economy, and the environment. Intense livestock production, increased travel, and changing climate have increased the risk of catastrophic animal losses due to infectious diseases. In the event of an outbreak, it is essential to properly manage the infected animals to prevent the spread of diseases. The most common disposal methods used during a disease outbreak include burial, landfilling, incineration and composting. Biosecurity, transportation logistics, public perception, and environmental concerns limit the use of some of these methods. During a disease outbreak, the large number of mortalities often exceeds the capacity of local rendering plants and landfills. Transporting mortalities to disposal and incineration facilities outside the production operation introduces biosecurity risks. Burying mortalities is limited by the size and availability of suitable sites and it has the risk of pathogen survival and contamination of groundwater and soil. Portable incinerators are expensive and have the potential to aerosolize infectious particles. Composting, on the other hand, has been recognized as a biosecure disposal method. Research showed that it eliminates bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157: H7, Salmonella spp., as well as viruses including highly pathogenic avian influenza, foot-and-mouth disease, Newcastle disease, and porcine epidemic diarrhea. This paper summarizes the lessons learned during the major animal disease outbreaks including the 2010 foot-and-mouth disease, 2016 highly pathogenic avian influenza, and recent African swine fever outbreaks. The purpose of this review is to critically discuss the biosecurity of composting as a mortality disposal method during the outbreaks of infectious animal diseases. Elsevier Ltd. 2019-05-01 2019-04-28 /pmc/articles/PMC7126724/ /pubmed/31088667 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.04.047 Text en © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Article
Costa, Tiago
Akdeniz, Neslihan
A review of the animal disease outbreaks and biosecure animal mortality composting systems
title A review of the animal disease outbreaks and biosecure animal mortality composting systems
title_full A review of the animal disease outbreaks and biosecure animal mortality composting systems
title_fullStr A review of the animal disease outbreaks and biosecure animal mortality composting systems
title_full_unstemmed A review of the animal disease outbreaks and biosecure animal mortality composting systems
title_short A review of the animal disease outbreaks and biosecure animal mortality composting systems
title_sort review of the animal disease outbreaks and biosecure animal mortality composting systems
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7126724/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31088667
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.04.047
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