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Twenty-five years of research on the behavioural malaise associated with influenza and the common cold
Minor illnesses such as the common cold and influenza are frequent and widespread. As well as specific symptoms such as nasal problems and fever, these illnesses are associated with a behavioural malaise. One feature of this malaise is reduced alertness and this has been confirmed using subjective r...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier Ltd.
2013
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7130811/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23021498 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.09.002 |
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author | Smith, Andrew P. |
author_facet | Smith, Andrew P. |
author_sort | Smith, Andrew P. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Minor illnesses such as the common cold and influenza are frequent and widespread. As well as specific symptoms such as nasal problems and fever, these illnesses are associated with a behavioural malaise. One feature of this malaise is reduced alertness and this has been confirmed using subjective reports and objective measures of performance. Such effects have been obtained with both experimentally induced infections and in studies of naturally occurring illnesses. The mechanisms underlying the effects are unclear but possibly reflect effects of cytokines on the CNS which result in changes in neurotransmitter functioning that lead to reduced alertness. The malaise induced by these illnesses has many real-life consequences and activities such as driving and safety at work may be at risk. These illnesses not only have direct effects on performance and mood but also make the person more sensitive to effects of other negative influences such as noise, alcohol and prolonged work. Countermeasures include ingestion of caffeine and other drugs known to increase alertness. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7130811 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Elsevier Ltd. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71308112020-04-08 Twenty-five years of research on the behavioural malaise associated with influenza and the common cold Smith, Andrew P. Psychoneuroendocrinology Review Minor illnesses such as the common cold and influenza are frequent and widespread. As well as specific symptoms such as nasal problems and fever, these illnesses are associated with a behavioural malaise. One feature of this malaise is reduced alertness and this has been confirmed using subjective reports and objective measures of performance. Such effects have been obtained with both experimentally induced infections and in studies of naturally occurring illnesses. The mechanisms underlying the effects are unclear but possibly reflect effects of cytokines on the CNS which result in changes in neurotransmitter functioning that lead to reduced alertness. The malaise induced by these illnesses has many real-life consequences and activities such as driving and safety at work may be at risk. These illnesses not only have direct effects on performance and mood but also make the person more sensitive to effects of other negative influences such as noise, alcohol and prolonged work. Countermeasures include ingestion of caffeine and other drugs known to increase alertness. Elsevier Ltd. 2013-06 2012-09-26 /pmc/articles/PMC7130811/ /pubmed/23021498 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.09.002 Text en Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Review Smith, Andrew P. Twenty-five years of research on the behavioural malaise associated with influenza and the common cold |
title | Twenty-five years of research on the behavioural malaise associated with influenza and the common cold |
title_full | Twenty-five years of research on the behavioural malaise associated with influenza and the common cold |
title_fullStr | Twenty-five years of research on the behavioural malaise associated with influenza and the common cold |
title_full_unstemmed | Twenty-five years of research on the behavioural malaise associated with influenza and the common cold |
title_short | Twenty-five years of research on the behavioural malaise associated with influenza and the common cold |
title_sort | twenty-five years of research on the behavioural malaise associated with influenza and the common cold |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7130811/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23021498 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.09.002 |
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