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What caused lymphopenia in SARS and how reliable is the lymphokine status in glucocorticoid-treated patients?
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2002–03 caused morbidity in over 8000 individuals and mortality in 744 in 29 countries. Lymphopenia along with neutrophilia was a feature of SARS, as it is in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Ebola infections, to name a few. Direct infestatio...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Elsevier Ltd.
2008
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7131352/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18448259 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2008.03.019 |
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author | Panesar, N.S. |
author_facet | Panesar, N.S. |
author_sort | Panesar, N.S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2002–03 caused morbidity in over 8000 individuals and mortality in 744 in 29 countries. Lymphopenia along with neutrophilia was a feature of SARS, as it is in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Ebola infections, to name a few. Direct infestation of lymphocytes, neutrophils and macrophages by SARS coronavirus (CoV) has been debated as a cause of lymphopenia, but there is no convincing data. Lymphopenia can be caused by glucocorticoids, and thus any debilitating condition has the potential to induce lymphopenia via stress mechanism involving the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Cortisol levels are elevated in patients with RSV and Ebola, and cortisol was higher in SARS patients with lymphopenia before any steroid therapy. Glucocorticoids also down-regulate the production of proinflammatory lymphokines. Because of the insidious presentation, SARS was treated with antibacterial, antiviral and supra-physiological doses of glucocorticoids. Treatment with glucocorticoids complicated the issue regarding lymphopenia, and certainly calls into question the status of lymphokines and their prognostic implications in SARS. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7131352 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2008 |
publisher | Elsevier Ltd. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71313522020-04-08 What caused lymphopenia in SARS and how reliable is the lymphokine status in glucocorticoid-treated patients? Panesar, N.S. Med Hypotheses Article Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2002–03 caused morbidity in over 8000 individuals and mortality in 744 in 29 countries. Lymphopenia along with neutrophilia was a feature of SARS, as it is in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Ebola infections, to name a few. Direct infestation of lymphocytes, neutrophils and macrophages by SARS coronavirus (CoV) has been debated as a cause of lymphopenia, but there is no convincing data. Lymphopenia can be caused by glucocorticoids, and thus any debilitating condition has the potential to induce lymphopenia via stress mechanism involving the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Cortisol levels are elevated in patients with RSV and Ebola, and cortisol was higher in SARS patients with lymphopenia before any steroid therapy. Glucocorticoids also down-regulate the production of proinflammatory lymphokines. Because of the insidious presentation, SARS was treated with antibacterial, antiviral and supra-physiological doses of glucocorticoids. Treatment with glucocorticoids complicated the issue regarding lymphopenia, and certainly calls into question the status of lymphokines and their prognostic implications in SARS. Elsevier Ltd. 2008-08 2008-04-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7131352/ /pubmed/18448259 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2008.03.019 Text en Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Article Panesar, N.S. What caused lymphopenia in SARS and how reliable is the lymphokine status in glucocorticoid-treated patients? |
title | What caused lymphopenia in SARS and how reliable is the lymphokine status in glucocorticoid-treated patients? |
title_full | What caused lymphopenia in SARS and how reliable is the lymphokine status in glucocorticoid-treated patients? |
title_fullStr | What caused lymphopenia in SARS and how reliable is the lymphokine status in glucocorticoid-treated patients? |
title_full_unstemmed | What caused lymphopenia in SARS and how reliable is the lymphokine status in glucocorticoid-treated patients? |
title_short | What caused lymphopenia in SARS and how reliable is the lymphokine status in glucocorticoid-treated patients? |
title_sort | what caused lymphopenia in sars and how reliable is the lymphokine status in glucocorticoid-treated patients? |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7131352/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18448259 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2008.03.019 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT panesarns whatcausedlymphopeniainsarsandhowreliableisthelymphokinestatusinglucocorticoidtreatedpatients |