Thermal and optical behavior dataset of surfaces coated with high reflectance and common materials under different conditions, used in Brazil

External and internal surface temperatures values of coated steel plates and the interior air temperature of a box-like model were collected throughout the time under different conditions: an artificial infrared radiation source was placed facing the external side of the plate to promote the temperature change, the energy power was variated by changing the distance from the plate and simultaneously different airflow conditions were inputted, data was collected by making experiments using the combination of distance and airflow changes. Reflectance raw data, of the materials, was also acquired by measuring the reflectance index of the samples according to ASTM E903 “Standard Test Method for Solar Absorptance, Reflectance, and Transmittance of Materials Using Integrating Spheres”. Amplified optical images and infrared images of the samples were taken (using a “Flir e4” infrared camera) while they were under the influence of the source in the three chosen distances (60 cm, 40 cm and 20 cm). Considering that researches at this particular field lack of more direct comparisons of temperature, reflectance and heat flux behaviours; between special high reflectance coatings and common ones when the substrate is steel, when the direction of airflow is changed and when the source is an infrared one; measurements intending to give faster insights and directions were done. These insights can be used by anyone who intends to develop new coating materials and compare them with already existing ones to streamline their researches in this area. Finally, the buying costs of these coatings, similar to commercially used ones, are showed.