An evolutionary vaccination game in the modified activity driven network by considering the closeness

In this paper, we explore an evolutionary vaccination game in the modified activity driven network by considering the closeness. We set a closeness parameter [Formula: see text] which is used to describe the way of connection between two individuals. The simulation results show that the closeness [Formula: see text] may have an active role in weakening both the spreading of epidemic and the vaccination. Besides, when vaccination is not allowed, the final recovered density increases with the value of the ratio of the infection rate to the recovery rate [Formula: see text]. However, when vaccination is allowed the final density of recovered individual first increases and then decreases with the value of [Formula: see text]. Two variables are designed to identify the relation between the individuals’ activities and their states. The results draw that both recovered and vaccinated frequency increase with the increase of the individuals’ activities. Meanwhile, the immune fee has less impact on the individuals’ vaccination than the closeness. While the [Formula: see text] is in a certain range, with the increase of the value of [Formula: see text] , the recovered frequency of the whole crowds reduces. Our results, therefore, reveal the fact that the best of intentions may lead to backfire.