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The Effect of the Environmental Temperature on the Adaptation to Host in the Zoonotic Pathogen Vibrio vulnificus

Vibrio vulnificus is a zoonotic pathogen that lives in temperate, tropical and subtropical aquatic ecosystems whose geographical distribution is expanding due to global warming. The species is genetically variable and only the strains that belong to the zoonotic clonal-complex can cause vibriosis in...

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Autores principales: Hernández-Cabanyero, Carla, Sanjuán, Eva, Fouz, Belén, Pajuelo, David, Vallejos-Vidal, Eva, Reyes-López, Felipe E., Amaro, Carmen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7137831/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32296402
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00489
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author Hernández-Cabanyero, Carla
Sanjuán, Eva
Fouz, Belén
Pajuelo, David
Vallejos-Vidal, Eva
Reyes-López, Felipe E.
Amaro, Carmen
author_facet Hernández-Cabanyero, Carla
Sanjuán, Eva
Fouz, Belén
Pajuelo, David
Vallejos-Vidal, Eva
Reyes-López, Felipe E.
Amaro, Carmen
author_sort Hernández-Cabanyero, Carla
collection PubMed
description Vibrio vulnificus is a zoonotic pathogen that lives in temperate, tropical and subtropical aquatic ecosystems whose geographical distribution is expanding due to global warming. The species is genetically variable and only the strains that belong to the zoonotic clonal-complex can cause vibriosis in both humans and fish (being its main host the eel). Interestingly, the severity of the vibriosis in the eel and the human depends largely on the water temperature (highly virulent at 28°C, avirulent at 20°C or below) and on the iron content in the blood, respectively. The objective of this work was to unravel the role of temperature in the adaptation to the host through a transcriptomic and phenotypic approach. To this end, we obtained the transcriptome of a zoonotic strain grown in a minimum medium (CM9) at 20, 25, 28, and 37°C, and confirmed the transcriptomic results by RT-qPCR and phenotypic tests. In addition, we compared the temperature stimulon with those previously obtained for iron and serum (from eel and human, respectively). Our results suggest that warm temperatures activate adaptive traits that would prepare the bacteria for host colonization (metabolism, motility, chemotaxis, and the protease activity) and fish septicemia (iron-uptake from transferrin and production of O-antigen of high molecular weight) in a generalized manner, while environmental iron controls the expression of a host-adapted virulent phenotype (toxins and the production of a protective envelope). Finally, our results confirm that beyond the effect of temperature on the V. vulnificus distribution in the environment, it also has an effect on the infectious capability of this pathogen that must be taken into account to predict the real risk of V. vulnificus infection caused by global warming.
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spelling pubmed-71378312020-04-15 The Effect of the Environmental Temperature on the Adaptation to Host in the Zoonotic Pathogen Vibrio vulnificus Hernández-Cabanyero, Carla Sanjuán, Eva Fouz, Belén Pajuelo, David Vallejos-Vidal, Eva Reyes-López, Felipe E. Amaro, Carmen Front Microbiol Microbiology Vibrio vulnificus is a zoonotic pathogen that lives in temperate, tropical and subtropical aquatic ecosystems whose geographical distribution is expanding due to global warming. The species is genetically variable and only the strains that belong to the zoonotic clonal-complex can cause vibriosis in both humans and fish (being its main host the eel). Interestingly, the severity of the vibriosis in the eel and the human depends largely on the water temperature (highly virulent at 28°C, avirulent at 20°C or below) and on the iron content in the blood, respectively. The objective of this work was to unravel the role of temperature in the adaptation to the host through a transcriptomic and phenotypic approach. To this end, we obtained the transcriptome of a zoonotic strain grown in a minimum medium (CM9) at 20, 25, 28, and 37°C, and confirmed the transcriptomic results by RT-qPCR and phenotypic tests. In addition, we compared the temperature stimulon with those previously obtained for iron and serum (from eel and human, respectively). Our results suggest that warm temperatures activate adaptive traits that would prepare the bacteria for host colonization (metabolism, motility, chemotaxis, and the protease activity) and fish septicemia (iron-uptake from transferrin and production of O-antigen of high molecular weight) in a generalized manner, while environmental iron controls the expression of a host-adapted virulent phenotype (toxins and the production of a protective envelope). Finally, our results confirm that beyond the effect of temperature on the V. vulnificus distribution in the environment, it also has an effect on the infectious capability of this pathogen that must be taken into account to predict the real risk of V. vulnificus infection caused by global warming. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-03-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7137831/ /pubmed/32296402 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00489 Text en Copyright © 2020 Hernández-Cabanyero, Sanjuán, Fouz, Pajuelo, Vallejos-Vidal, Reyes-López and Amaro. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Hernández-Cabanyero, Carla
Sanjuán, Eva
Fouz, Belén
Pajuelo, David
Vallejos-Vidal, Eva
Reyes-López, Felipe E.
Amaro, Carmen
The Effect of the Environmental Temperature on the Adaptation to Host in the Zoonotic Pathogen Vibrio vulnificus
title The Effect of the Environmental Temperature on the Adaptation to Host in the Zoonotic Pathogen Vibrio vulnificus
title_full The Effect of the Environmental Temperature on the Adaptation to Host in the Zoonotic Pathogen Vibrio vulnificus
title_fullStr The Effect of the Environmental Temperature on the Adaptation to Host in the Zoonotic Pathogen Vibrio vulnificus
title_full_unstemmed The Effect of the Environmental Temperature on the Adaptation to Host in the Zoonotic Pathogen Vibrio vulnificus
title_short The Effect of the Environmental Temperature on the Adaptation to Host in the Zoonotic Pathogen Vibrio vulnificus
title_sort effect of the environmental temperature on the adaptation to host in the zoonotic pathogen vibrio vulnificus
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7137831/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32296402
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00489
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