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An Exploratory Gene Expression Study of the Intestinal Mucosa of Patients with Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity

Non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) is a recently recognized syndrome triggered by a gluten-containing diet. The pathophysiological mechanisms engaged in NCWS are poorly understood and, in the absence of laboratory markers, the diagnosis relies only on a double-blind protocol of symptoms evaluation...

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Autores principales: Efthymakis, Konstantinos, Clemente, Emanuela, Marchioni, Michele, Di Nicola, Marta, Neri, Matteo, Sallese, Michele
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7139384/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32183058
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21061969
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author Efthymakis, Konstantinos
Clemente, Emanuela
Marchioni, Michele
Di Nicola, Marta
Neri, Matteo
Sallese, Michele
author_facet Efthymakis, Konstantinos
Clemente, Emanuela
Marchioni, Michele
Di Nicola, Marta
Neri, Matteo
Sallese, Michele
author_sort Efthymakis, Konstantinos
collection PubMed
description Non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) is a recently recognized syndrome triggered by a gluten-containing diet. The pathophysiological mechanisms engaged in NCWS are poorly understood and, in the absence of laboratory markers, the diagnosis relies only on a double-blind protocol of symptoms evaluation during a gluten challenge. We aimed to shed light on the molecular mechanisms governing this disorder and identify biomarkers helpful to the diagnosis. By a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis, we investigated gene expression profiles of the intestinal mucosa of 12 NCWS patients, as well as 7 controls. We identified 300 RNA transcripts whose expression differed between NCWS patients and controls. Only 37% of these transcripts were protein-coding RNA, whereas the remaining were non-coding RNA. Principal component analysis (PCA) and receiver operating characteristic curves showed that these microarray data are potentially useful to set apart NCWS from controls. Literature and network analyses indicated a possible implication/dysregulation of innate immune response, hedgehog pathway, and circadian rhythm in NCWS. This exploratory study indicates that NCWS can be genetically defined and gene expression profiling might be a suitable tool to support the diagnosis. The dysregulated genes suggest that NCWS may result from a deranged immune response. Furthermore, non-coding RNA might play an important role in the pathogenesis of NCWS.
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spelling pubmed-71393842020-04-10 An Exploratory Gene Expression Study of the Intestinal Mucosa of Patients with Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity Efthymakis, Konstantinos Clemente, Emanuela Marchioni, Michele Di Nicola, Marta Neri, Matteo Sallese, Michele Int J Mol Sci Article Non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) is a recently recognized syndrome triggered by a gluten-containing diet. The pathophysiological mechanisms engaged in NCWS are poorly understood and, in the absence of laboratory markers, the diagnosis relies only on a double-blind protocol of symptoms evaluation during a gluten challenge. We aimed to shed light on the molecular mechanisms governing this disorder and identify biomarkers helpful to the diagnosis. By a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis, we investigated gene expression profiles of the intestinal mucosa of 12 NCWS patients, as well as 7 controls. We identified 300 RNA transcripts whose expression differed between NCWS patients and controls. Only 37% of these transcripts were protein-coding RNA, whereas the remaining were non-coding RNA. Principal component analysis (PCA) and receiver operating characteristic curves showed that these microarray data are potentially useful to set apart NCWS from controls. Literature and network analyses indicated a possible implication/dysregulation of innate immune response, hedgehog pathway, and circadian rhythm in NCWS. This exploratory study indicates that NCWS can be genetically defined and gene expression profiling might be a suitable tool to support the diagnosis. The dysregulated genes suggest that NCWS may result from a deranged immune response. Furthermore, non-coding RNA might play an important role in the pathogenesis of NCWS. MDPI 2020-03-13 /pmc/articles/PMC7139384/ /pubmed/32183058 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21061969 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Efthymakis, Konstantinos
Clemente, Emanuela
Marchioni, Michele
Di Nicola, Marta
Neri, Matteo
Sallese, Michele
An Exploratory Gene Expression Study of the Intestinal Mucosa of Patients with Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity
title An Exploratory Gene Expression Study of the Intestinal Mucosa of Patients with Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity
title_full An Exploratory Gene Expression Study of the Intestinal Mucosa of Patients with Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity
title_fullStr An Exploratory Gene Expression Study of the Intestinal Mucosa of Patients with Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity
title_full_unstemmed An Exploratory Gene Expression Study of the Intestinal Mucosa of Patients with Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity
title_short An Exploratory Gene Expression Study of the Intestinal Mucosa of Patients with Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity
title_sort exploratory gene expression study of the intestinal mucosa of patients with non-celiac wheat sensitivity
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7139384/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32183058
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21061969
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