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An Exploratory Gene Expression Study of the Intestinal Mucosa of Patients with Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity
Non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) is a recently recognized syndrome triggered by a gluten-containing diet. The pathophysiological mechanisms engaged in NCWS are poorly understood and, in the absence of laboratory markers, the diagnosis relies only on a double-blind protocol of symptoms evaluation...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7139384/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32183058 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21061969 |
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author | Efthymakis, Konstantinos Clemente, Emanuela Marchioni, Michele Di Nicola, Marta Neri, Matteo Sallese, Michele |
author_facet | Efthymakis, Konstantinos Clemente, Emanuela Marchioni, Michele Di Nicola, Marta Neri, Matteo Sallese, Michele |
author_sort | Efthymakis, Konstantinos |
collection | PubMed |
description | Non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) is a recently recognized syndrome triggered by a gluten-containing diet. The pathophysiological mechanisms engaged in NCWS are poorly understood and, in the absence of laboratory markers, the diagnosis relies only on a double-blind protocol of symptoms evaluation during a gluten challenge. We aimed to shed light on the molecular mechanisms governing this disorder and identify biomarkers helpful to the diagnosis. By a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis, we investigated gene expression profiles of the intestinal mucosa of 12 NCWS patients, as well as 7 controls. We identified 300 RNA transcripts whose expression differed between NCWS patients and controls. Only 37% of these transcripts were protein-coding RNA, whereas the remaining were non-coding RNA. Principal component analysis (PCA) and receiver operating characteristic curves showed that these microarray data are potentially useful to set apart NCWS from controls. Literature and network analyses indicated a possible implication/dysregulation of innate immune response, hedgehog pathway, and circadian rhythm in NCWS. This exploratory study indicates that NCWS can be genetically defined and gene expression profiling might be a suitable tool to support the diagnosis. The dysregulated genes suggest that NCWS may result from a deranged immune response. Furthermore, non-coding RNA might play an important role in the pathogenesis of NCWS. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7139384 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71393842020-04-10 An Exploratory Gene Expression Study of the Intestinal Mucosa of Patients with Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity Efthymakis, Konstantinos Clemente, Emanuela Marchioni, Michele Di Nicola, Marta Neri, Matteo Sallese, Michele Int J Mol Sci Article Non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) is a recently recognized syndrome triggered by a gluten-containing diet. The pathophysiological mechanisms engaged in NCWS are poorly understood and, in the absence of laboratory markers, the diagnosis relies only on a double-blind protocol of symptoms evaluation during a gluten challenge. We aimed to shed light on the molecular mechanisms governing this disorder and identify biomarkers helpful to the diagnosis. By a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis, we investigated gene expression profiles of the intestinal mucosa of 12 NCWS patients, as well as 7 controls. We identified 300 RNA transcripts whose expression differed between NCWS patients and controls. Only 37% of these transcripts were protein-coding RNA, whereas the remaining were non-coding RNA. Principal component analysis (PCA) and receiver operating characteristic curves showed that these microarray data are potentially useful to set apart NCWS from controls. Literature and network analyses indicated a possible implication/dysregulation of innate immune response, hedgehog pathway, and circadian rhythm in NCWS. This exploratory study indicates that NCWS can be genetically defined and gene expression profiling might be a suitable tool to support the diagnosis. The dysregulated genes suggest that NCWS may result from a deranged immune response. Furthermore, non-coding RNA might play an important role in the pathogenesis of NCWS. MDPI 2020-03-13 /pmc/articles/PMC7139384/ /pubmed/32183058 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21061969 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Efthymakis, Konstantinos Clemente, Emanuela Marchioni, Michele Di Nicola, Marta Neri, Matteo Sallese, Michele An Exploratory Gene Expression Study of the Intestinal Mucosa of Patients with Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity |
title | An Exploratory Gene Expression Study of the Intestinal Mucosa of Patients with Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity |
title_full | An Exploratory Gene Expression Study of the Intestinal Mucosa of Patients with Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity |
title_fullStr | An Exploratory Gene Expression Study of the Intestinal Mucosa of Patients with Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity |
title_full_unstemmed | An Exploratory Gene Expression Study of the Intestinal Mucosa of Patients with Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity |
title_short | An Exploratory Gene Expression Study of the Intestinal Mucosa of Patients with Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity |
title_sort | exploratory gene expression study of the intestinal mucosa of patients with non-celiac wheat sensitivity |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7139384/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32183058 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21061969 |
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