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Pituitary Hyperplasia, Hormonal Changes and Prolactinoma Development in Males Exposed to Estrogens—An Insight From Translational Studies

Estrogen signaling plays an important role in pituitary development and function. In sensitive rat or mice strains of both sexes, estrogen treatments promote lactotropic cell proliferation and induce the formation of pituitary adenomas (dominantly prolactin or growth-hormone-secreting ones). In male...

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Autores principales: Šošić-Jurjević, Branka, Ajdžanović, Vladimir, Miljić, Dragana, Trifunović, Svetlana, Filipović, Branko, Stanković, Sanja, Bolevich, Sergey, Jakovljević, Vladimir, Milošević, Verica
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7139613/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32188093
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062024
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author Šošić-Jurjević, Branka
Ajdžanović, Vladimir
Miljić, Dragana
Trifunović, Svetlana
Filipović, Branko
Stanković, Sanja
Bolevich, Sergey
Jakovljević, Vladimir
Milošević, Verica
author_facet Šošić-Jurjević, Branka
Ajdžanović, Vladimir
Miljić, Dragana
Trifunović, Svetlana
Filipović, Branko
Stanković, Sanja
Bolevich, Sergey
Jakovljević, Vladimir
Milošević, Verica
author_sort Šošić-Jurjević, Branka
collection PubMed
description Estrogen signaling plays an important role in pituitary development and function. In sensitive rat or mice strains of both sexes, estrogen treatments promote lactotropic cell proliferation and induce the formation of pituitary adenomas (dominantly prolactin or growth-hormone-secreting ones). In male patients receiving estrogen, treatment does not necessarily result in pituitary hyperplasia, hyperprolactinemia or adenoma development. In this review, we comprehensively analyze the mechanisms of estrogen action upon their application in male animal models comparing it with available data in human subjects. Sex-specific molecular targets of estrogen action in lactotropic (PRL) cells are highlighted in the context of their proliferative and secretory activity. In addition, putative effects of estradiol on the cellular/tumor microenvironment and the contribution of postnatal pituitary progenitor/stem cells and transdifferentiation processes to prolactinoma development have been analyzed. Finally, estrogen-induced morphological and hormone-secreting changes in pituitary thyrotropic (TSH) and adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) cells are discussed, as well as the putative role of the thyroid and/or glucocorticoid hormones in prolactinoma development, based on the current scarce literature.
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spelling pubmed-71396132020-04-10 Pituitary Hyperplasia, Hormonal Changes and Prolactinoma Development in Males Exposed to Estrogens—An Insight From Translational Studies Šošić-Jurjević, Branka Ajdžanović, Vladimir Miljić, Dragana Trifunović, Svetlana Filipović, Branko Stanković, Sanja Bolevich, Sergey Jakovljević, Vladimir Milošević, Verica Int J Mol Sci Review Estrogen signaling plays an important role in pituitary development and function. In sensitive rat or mice strains of both sexes, estrogen treatments promote lactotropic cell proliferation and induce the formation of pituitary adenomas (dominantly prolactin or growth-hormone-secreting ones). In male patients receiving estrogen, treatment does not necessarily result in pituitary hyperplasia, hyperprolactinemia or adenoma development. In this review, we comprehensively analyze the mechanisms of estrogen action upon their application in male animal models comparing it with available data in human subjects. Sex-specific molecular targets of estrogen action in lactotropic (PRL) cells are highlighted in the context of their proliferative and secretory activity. In addition, putative effects of estradiol on the cellular/tumor microenvironment and the contribution of postnatal pituitary progenitor/stem cells and transdifferentiation processes to prolactinoma development have been analyzed. Finally, estrogen-induced morphological and hormone-secreting changes in pituitary thyrotropic (TSH) and adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) cells are discussed, as well as the putative role of the thyroid and/or glucocorticoid hormones in prolactinoma development, based on the current scarce literature. MDPI 2020-03-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7139613/ /pubmed/32188093 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062024 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Šošić-Jurjević, Branka
Ajdžanović, Vladimir
Miljić, Dragana
Trifunović, Svetlana
Filipović, Branko
Stanković, Sanja
Bolevich, Sergey
Jakovljević, Vladimir
Milošević, Verica
Pituitary Hyperplasia, Hormonal Changes and Prolactinoma Development in Males Exposed to Estrogens—An Insight From Translational Studies
title Pituitary Hyperplasia, Hormonal Changes and Prolactinoma Development in Males Exposed to Estrogens—An Insight From Translational Studies
title_full Pituitary Hyperplasia, Hormonal Changes and Prolactinoma Development in Males Exposed to Estrogens—An Insight From Translational Studies
title_fullStr Pituitary Hyperplasia, Hormonal Changes and Prolactinoma Development in Males Exposed to Estrogens—An Insight From Translational Studies
title_full_unstemmed Pituitary Hyperplasia, Hormonal Changes and Prolactinoma Development in Males Exposed to Estrogens—An Insight From Translational Studies
title_short Pituitary Hyperplasia, Hormonal Changes and Prolactinoma Development in Males Exposed to Estrogens—An Insight From Translational Studies
title_sort pituitary hyperplasia, hormonal changes and prolactinoma development in males exposed to estrogens—an insight from translational studies
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7139613/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32188093
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062024
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