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Immunotherapy Strategies for the Prevention and Treatment of Distinct Stages of Type 1 Diabetes: An Overview

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by destruction of pancreatic β cells, culminating in absolute insulin deficiency. The goals of Type 1 diabetes care, established by the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), are to achieve good glycemic control, to prevent...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Rapini, Novella, Schiaffini, Riccardo, Fierabracci, Alessandra
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7139632/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32204344
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062103
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author Rapini, Novella
Schiaffini, Riccardo
Fierabracci, Alessandra
author_facet Rapini, Novella
Schiaffini, Riccardo
Fierabracci, Alessandra
author_sort Rapini, Novella
collection PubMed
description Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by destruction of pancreatic β cells, culminating in absolute insulin deficiency. The goals of Type 1 diabetes care, established by the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), are to achieve good glycemic control, to prevent hyperglycaemia (which is associated with long-term microvascular and macrovascular complications) and to avoid recurrent episodes of hypoglycaemia (which may have adverse effects on cognitive function). However, despite continuing optimization of insulin therapy regimes, the actual hormonal substitutive administration acts only to treat the symptoms without an effect on disease pathology and etiopathogenesis. In recent decades, a great deal of interest has been focused on prevention approaches in high-risk individuals, based on the hypothesis that a therapeutic intervention, if applied at the early stage of disease, might contribute to maintaining endogenous β cell function by preserving the residual β cell reservoir from autoimmune attack. This manuscript provides an overview of the most important immunotherapeutic interventions established so far for Type 1 diabetes treatment at different stages of disease that have reached an advanced stage of assessment.
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spelling pubmed-71396322020-04-10 Immunotherapy Strategies for the Prevention and Treatment of Distinct Stages of Type 1 Diabetes: An Overview Rapini, Novella Schiaffini, Riccardo Fierabracci, Alessandra Int J Mol Sci Review Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by destruction of pancreatic β cells, culminating in absolute insulin deficiency. The goals of Type 1 diabetes care, established by the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), are to achieve good glycemic control, to prevent hyperglycaemia (which is associated with long-term microvascular and macrovascular complications) and to avoid recurrent episodes of hypoglycaemia (which may have adverse effects on cognitive function). However, despite continuing optimization of insulin therapy regimes, the actual hormonal substitutive administration acts only to treat the symptoms without an effect on disease pathology and etiopathogenesis. In recent decades, a great deal of interest has been focused on prevention approaches in high-risk individuals, based on the hypothesis that a therapeutic intervention, if applied at the early stage of disease, might contribute to maintaining endogenous β cell function by preserving the residual β cell reservoir from autoimmune attack. This manuscript provides an overview of the most important immunotherapeutic interventions established so far for Type 1 diabetes treatment at different stages of disease that have reached an advanced stage of assessment. MDPI 2020-03-19 /pmc/articles/PMC7139632/ /pubmed/32204344 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062103 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Rapini, Novella
Schiaffini, Riccardo
Fierabracci, Alessandra
Immunotherapy Strategies for the Prevention and Treatment of Distinct Stages of Type 1 Diabetes: An Overview
title Immunotherapy Strategies for the Prevention and Treatment of Distinct Stages of Type 1 Diabetes: An Overview
title_full Immunotherapy Strategies for the Prevention and Treatment of Distinct Stages of Type 1 Diabetes: An Overview
title_fullStr Immunotherapy Strategies for the Prevention and Treatment of Distinct Stages of Type 1 Diabetes: An Overview
title_full_unstemmed Immunotherapy Strategies for the Prevention and Treatment of Distinct Stages of Type 1 Diabetes: An Overview
title_short Immunotherapy Strategies for the Prevention and Treatment of Distinct Stages of Type 1 Diabetes: An Overview
title_sort immunotherapy strategies for the prevention and treatment of distinct stages of type 1 diabetes: an overview
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7139632/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32204344
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062103
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