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Ralstonia solanacearum elicitor RipX Induces Defense Reaction by Suppressing the Mitochondrial atpA Gene in Host Plant
RipX of Ralstonia solanacearum is translocated into host cells by a type III secretion system and acts as a harpin-like protein to induce a hypersensitive response in tobacco plants. The molecular events in association with RipX-induced signaling transduction have not been fully elucidated. This wor...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7139787/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32183439 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062000 |
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author | Sun, Tingyan Wu, Wei Wu, Haoxiang Rou, Wei Zhou, Yinghui Zhuo, Tao Fan, Xiaojing Hu, Xun Zou, Huasong |
author_facet | Sun, Tingyan Wu, Wei Wu, Haoxiang Rou, Wei Zhou, Yinghui Zhuo, Tao Fan, Xiaojing Hu, Xun Zou, Huasong |
author_sort | Sun, Tingyan |
collection | PubMed |
description | RipX of Ralstonia solanacearum is translocated into host cells by a type III secretion system and acts as a harpin-like protein to induce a hypersensitive response in tobacco plants. The molecular events in association with RipX-induced signaling transduction have not been fully elucidated. This work reports that transient expression of RipX induced a yellowing phenotype in Nicotiana benthamiana, coupled with activation of the defense reaction. Using yeast two-hybrid and split-luciferase complementation assays, mitochondrial ATP synthase F1 subunit α (ATPA) was identified as an interaction partner of RipX from N. benthamiana. Although a certain proportion was found in mitochondria, the YFP-ATPA fusion was able to localize to the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. RFP-RipX fusion was found from the cell membrane and cytoplasm. Moreover, ATPA interacted with RipX at both the cell membrane and cytoplasm in vivo. Silencing of the atpA gene had no effect on the appearance of yellowing phenotype induced by RipX. However, the silenced plants improved the resistance to R. solanacearum. Moreover, qRT-PCR and promoter GUS fusion experiments revealed that the transcript levels of atpA were evidently reduced in response to expression of RipX. These data demonstrated that RipX exerts a suppressive effect on the transcription of atpA gene, to induce defense reaction in N. benthamiana. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7139787 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71397872020-04-10 Ralstonia solanacearum elicitor RipX Induces Defense Reaction by Suppressing the Mitochondrial atpA Gene in Host Plant Sun, Tingyan Wu, Wei Wu, Haoxiang Rou, Wei Zhou, Yinghui Zhuo, Tao Fan, Xiaojing Hu, Xun Zou, Huasong Int J Mol Sci Article RipX of Ralstonia solanacearum is translocated into host cells by a type III secretion system and acts as a harpin-like protein to induce a hypersensitive response in tobacco plants. The molecular events in association with RipX-induced signaling transduction have not been fully elucidated. This work reports that transient expression of RipX induced a yellowing phenotype in Nicotiana benthamiana, coupled with activation of the defense reaction. Using yeast two-hybrid and split-luciferase complementation assays, mitochondrial ATP synthase F1 subunit α (ATPA) was identified as an interaction partner of RipX from N. benthamiana. Although a certain proportion was found in mitochondria, the YFP-ATPA fusion was able to localize to the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. RFP-RipX fusion was found from the cell membrane and cytoplasm. Moreover, ATPA interacted with RipX at both the cell membrane and cytoplasm in vivo. Silencing of the atpA gene had no effect on the appearance of yellowing phenotype induced by RipX. However, the silenced plants improved the resistance to R. solanacearum. Moreover, qRT-PCR and promoter GUS fusion experiments revealed that the transcript levels of atpA were evidently reduced in response to expression of RipX. These data demonstrated that RipX exerts a suppressive effect on the transcription of atpA gene, to induce defense reaction in N. benthamiana. MDPI 2020-03-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7139787/ /pubmed/32183439 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062000 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Sun, Tingyan Wu, Wei Wu, Haoxiang Rou, Wei Zhou, Yinghui Zhuo, Tao Fan, Xiaojing Hu, Xun Zou, Huasong Ralstonia solanacearum elicitor RipX Induces Defense Reaction by Suppressing the Mitochondrial atpA Gene in Host Plant |
title | Ralstonia solanacearum elicitor RipX Induces Defense Reaction by Suppressing the Mitochondrial atpA Gene in Host Plant |
title_full | Ralstonia solanacearum elicitor RipX Induces Defense Reaction by Suppressing the Mitochondrial atpA Gene in Host Plant |
title_fullStr | Ralstonia solanacearum elicitor RipX Induces Defense Reaction by Suppressing the Mitochondrial atpA Gene in Host Plant |
title_full_unstemmed | Ralstonia solanacearum elicitor RipX Induces Defense Reaction by Suppressing the Mitochondrial atpA Gene in Host Plant |
title_short | Ralstonia solanacearum elicitor RipX Induces Defense Reaction by Suppressing the Mitochondrial atpA Gene in Host Plant |
title_sort | ralstonia solanacearum elicitor ripx induces defense reaction by suppressing the mitochondrial atpa gene in host plant |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7139787/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32183439 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062000 |
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