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Flying High—Muscle-Specific Underreplication in Drosophila

Drosophila underreplicate the DNA of thoracic nuclei, stalling during S phase at a point that is proportional to the total genome size in each species. In polytene tissues, such as the Drosophila salivary glands, all of the nuclei initiate multiple rounds of DNA synthesis and underreplicate. Yet, on...

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Autores principales: Johnston, J. Spencer, Zapalac, Mary E., Hjelmen, Carl E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7140820/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32111003
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11030246
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author Johnston, J. Spencer
Zapalac, Mary E.
Hjelmen, Carl E.
author_facet Johnston, J. Spencer
Zapalac, Mary E.
Hjelmen, Carl E.
author_sort Johnston, J. Spencer
collection PubMed
description Drosophila underreplicate the DNA of thoracic nuclei, stalling during S phase at a point that is proportional to the total genome size in each species. In polytene tissues, such as the Drosophila salivary glands, all of the nuclei initiate multiple rounds of DNA synthesis and underreplicate. Yet, only half of the nuclei isolated from the thorax stall; the other half do not initiate S phase. Our question was, why half? To address this question, we use flow cytometry to compare underreplication phenotypes between thoracic tissues. When individual thoracic tissues are dissected and the proportion of stalled DNA synthesis is scored in each tissue type, we find that underreplication occurs in the indirect flight muscle, with the majority of underreplicated nuclei in the dorsal longitudinal muscles (DLM). Half of the DNA in the DLM nuclei stall at S phase between the unreplicated G0 and fully replicated G1. The dorsal ventral flight muscle provides the other source of underreplication, and yet, there, the replication stall point is earlier (less DNA replicated), and the endocycle is initiated. The differences in underreplication and ploidy in the indirect flight muscles provide a new tool to study heterochromatin, underreplication and endocycle control.
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spelling pubmed-71408202020-04-10 Flying High—Muscle-Specific Underreplication in Drosophila Johnston, J. Spencer Zapalac, Mary E. Hjelmen, Carl E. Genes (Basel) Article Drosophila underreplicate the DNA of thoracic nuclei, stalling during S phase at a point that is proportional to the total genome size in each species. In polytene tissues, such as the Drosophila salivary glands, all of the nuclei initiate multiple rounds of DNA synthesis and underreplicate. Yet, only half of the nuclei isolated from the thorax stall; the other half do not initiate S phase. Our question was, why half? To address this question, we use flow cytometry to compare underreplication phenotypes between thoracic tissues. When individual thoracic tissues are dissected and the proportion of stalled DNA synthesis is scored in each tissue type, we find that underreplication occurs in the indirect flight muscle, with the majority of underreplicated nuclei in the dorsal longitudinal muscles (DLM). Half of the DNA in the DLM nuclei stall at S phase between the unreplicated G0 and fully replicated G1. The dorsal ventral flight muscle provides the other source of underreplication, and yet, there, the replication stall point is earlier (less DNA replicated), and the endocycle is initiated. The differences in underreplication and ploidy in the indirect flight muscles provide a new tool to study heterochromatin, underreplication and endocycle control. MDPI 2020-02-26 /pmc/articles/PMC7140820/ /pubmed/32111003 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11030246 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Johnston, J. Spencer
Zapalac, Mary E.
Hjelmen, Carl E.
Flying High—Muscle-Specific Underreplication in Drosophila
title Flying High—Muscle-Specific Underreplication in Drosophila
title_full Flying High—Muscle-Specific Underreplication in Drosophila
title_fullStr Flying High—Muscle-Specific Underreplication in Drosophila
title_full_unstemmed Flying High—Muscle-Specific Underreplication in Drosophila
title_short Flying High—Muscle-Specific Underreplication in Drosophila
title_sort flying high—muscle-specific underreplication in drosophila
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7140820/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32111003
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11030246
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