Numerical Simulation on Size Effect of Fracture Toughness of Concrete Based on Mesomechanics

The fracture performance of concrete is size-dependent within a certain size range. A four-phase composite material numerical model of mesofracture considering a mortar matrix, coarse aggregates, an interfacial transition zone (ITZ) at the meso level and the initial defects of concrete was established. The initial defects were assumed to be distributed randomly in the ITZ of concrete. The numerical model of concrete mesofracture was established to simulate the fracture process of wedge splitting (WS) concrete specimens with widths of 200–2000 mm and three-point bending (3-p-b) concrete specimens with heights of 200–800 mm. The fracture process of concrete was simulated, and the peak load (P(max)) of concrete was predicted using the numerical model. Based on the simulating results, the influence of specimen size of WS and 3-p-b tests on the fracture parameters was analyzed. It was demonstrated that when the specimen size was large enough, the fracture toughness (K(IC)) value obtained by the linear elastic fracture mechanics formula was independent of the specimen size. Meanwhile, the improved boundary effect model (BEM) was employed to study the tensile strength (f(t)) and fracture toughness of concrete using the mesofracture numerical model. A discrete value of β = 1.0–1.4 was a sufficient approximation to determine the f(t) and K(IC) values of concrete.