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Serological Evidence of West Nile and Usutu Viruses Circulation in Domestic and Wild Birds in Wetlands of Mali and Madagascar in 2008
The geographical distribution and impact on animal and human health of both West Nile and Usutu viruses, two flaviviruses of the Japanese encephalitis complex, have been increasing during the past two decades. Both viruses circulate in Europe and Africa within a natural cycle between wild birds and...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7142923/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32197367 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061998 |
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author | Chevalier, Véronique Marsot, Maud Molia, Sophie Rasamoelina, Harena Rakotondravao, René Pedrono, Miguel Lowenski, Steeve Durand, Benoit Lecollinet, Sylvie Beck, Cécile |
author_facet | Chevalier, Véronique Marsot, Maud Molia, Sophie Rasamoelina, Harena Rakotondravao, René Pedrono, Miguel Lowenski, Steeve Durand, Benoit Lecollinet, Sylvie Beck, Cécile |
author_sort | Chevalier, Véronique |
collection | PubMed |
description | The geographical distribution and impact on animal and human health of both West Nile and Usutu viruses, two flaviviruses of the Japanese encephalitis complex, have been increasing during the past two decades. Both viruses circulate in Europe and Africa within a natural cycle between wild birds and mosquitoes, mainly from the Culex genus. We retrospectively analyzed sera from domestic and wild birds sampled in 2008 in two wetlands, namely the Inner Niger Delta, Mali, and the Lake Alaotra area, Madagascar. Sera were first tested using a commercial ID Screen West Nile Competition Multi-species ELISA kit. Then, positive sera and sera with insufficient volume for testing with ELISA were tested with a Microneutralization Test. In Mali, the observed seroprevalence in domestic birds was 28.5% [24.5; 32.8] (95%CI), 3.1 % [1.8; 5.2] (95%CI), 6.2% [3.4; 10.2] (95%CI) and 9.8 % [7.3; 12.8] (95%CI), for West Nile virus (WNV), Usutu virus (USUV), undetermined flavivirus, and WNV/USUV respectively. Regarding domestic birds of Madagascar, the observed seroprevalence was 4.4 % [2.1; 7.9](95%CI) for WNV, 0.9% [0.1; 3.1] (95%CI) for USUV, 1.3% [0.5; 2.8] (95%CI) for undetermined flavivirus, and null for WNV/USUV. Among the 150 wild birds sampled in Madagascar, two fulvous whistling-ducks (Dendrocygna bicolor) were positive for WNV and two for an undetermined flavivirus. One white-faced whistling-duck (Dendrocygna viduata) and one Hottentot teal (Spatula hottentota) were tested positive for USUV. African and European wetlands are linked by wild bird migrations. This first detection of USUV—as well as the confirmed circulation of WNV in domestic birds of two wetlands of Mali and Madagascar—emphasizes the need to improve the surveillance, knowledge of epidemiological patterns, and phylogenetic characteristics of flavivirus in Africa, particularly in areas prone to sustained, intense flavivirus transmission such as wetlands. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7142923 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71429232020-04-14 Serological Evidence of West Nile and Usutu Viruses Circulation in Domestic and Wild Birds in Wetlands of Mali and Madagascar in 2008 Chevalier, Véronique Marsot, Maud Molia, Sophie Rasamoelina, Harena Rakotondravao, René Pedrono, Miguel Lowenski, Steeve Durand, Benoit Lecollinet, Sylvie Beck, Cécile Int J Environ Res Public Health Article The geographical distribution and impact on animal and human health of both West Nile and Usutu viruses, two flaviviruses of the Japanese encephalitis complex, have been increasing during the past two decades. Both viruses circulate in Europe and Africa within a natural cycle between wild birds and mosquitoes, mainly from the Culex genus. We retrospectively analyzed sera from domestic and wild birds sampled in 2008 in two wetlands, namely the Inner Niger Delta, Mali, and the Lake Alaotra area, Madagascar. Sera were first tested using a commercial ID Screen West Nile Competition Multi-species ELISA kit. Then, positive sera and sera with insufficient volume for testing with ELISA were tested with a Microneutralization Test. In Mali, the observed seroprevalence in domestic birds was 28.5% [24.5; 32.8] (95%CI), 3.1 % [1.8; 5.2] (95%CI), 6.2% [3.4; 10.2] (95%CI) and 9.8 % [7.3; 12.8] (95%CI), for West Nile virus (WNV), Usutu virus (USUV), undetermined flavivirus, and WNV/USUV respectively. Regarding domestic birds of Madagascar, the observed seroprevalence was 4.4 % [2.1; 7.9](95%CI) for WNV, 0.9% [0.1; 3.1] (95%CI) for USUV, 1.3% [0.5; 2.8] (95%CI) for undetermined flavivirus, and null for WNV/USUV. Among the 150 wild birds sampled in Madagascar, two fulvous whistling-ducks (Dendrocygna bicolor) were positive for WNV and two for an undetermined flavivirus. One white-faced whistling-duck (Dendrocygna viduata) and one Hottentot teal (Spatula hottentota) were tested positive for USUV. African and European wetlands are linked by wild bird migrations. This first detection of USUV—as well as the confirmed circulation of WNV in domestic birds of two wetlands of Mali and Madagascar—emphasizes the need to improve the surveillance, knowledge of epidemiological patterns, and phylogenetic characteristics of flavivirus in Africa, particularly in areas prone to sustained, intense flavivirus transmission such as wetlands. MDPI 2020-03-18 2020-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7142923/ /pubmed/32197367 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061998 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Chevalier, Véronique Marsot, Maud Molia, Sophie Rasamoelina, Harena Rakotondravao, René Pedrono, Miguel Lowenski, Steeve Durand, Benoit Lecollinet, Sylvie Beck, Cécile Serological Evidence of West Nile and Usutu Viruses Circulation in Domestic and Wild Birds in Wetlands of Mali and Madagascar in 2008 |
title | Serological Evidence of West Nile and Usutu Viruses Circulation in Domestic and Wild Birds in Wetlands of Mali and Madagascar in 2008 |
title_full | Serological Evidence of West Nile and Usutu Viruses Circulation in Domestic and Wild Birds in Wetlands of Mali and Madagascar in 2008 |
title_fullStr | Serological Evidence of West Nile and Usutu Viruses Circulation in Domestic and Wild Birds in Wetlands of Mali and Madagascar in 2008 |
title_full_unstemmed | Serological Evidence of West Nile and Usutu Viruses Circulation in Domestic and Wild Birds in Wetlands of Mali and Madagascar in 2008 |
title_short | Serological Evidence of West Nile and Usutu Viruses Circulation in Domestic and Wild Birds in Wetlands of Mali and Madagascar in 2008 |
title_sort | serological evidence of west nile and usutu viruses circulation in domestic and wild birds in wetlands of mali and madagascar in 2008 |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7142923/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32197367 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061998 |
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