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The Effects of Weather on the Flight of an Invasive Bark Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis
The walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), vectors the fungus Geosmithia morbida, which has been implicated in thousand cankers disease of walnut. Little is known about the flight behavior of the insect across seasons, or about the variability in its flight pa...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7143028/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32121509 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11030156 |
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author | Chen, Yigen Aukema, Brian H. Seybold, Steven J. |
author_facet | Chen, Yigen Aukema, Brian H. Seybold, Steven J. |
author_sort | Chen, Yigen |
collection | PubMed |
description | The walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), vectors the fungus Geosmithia morbida, which has been implicated in thousand cankers disease of walnut. Little is known about the flight behavior of the insect across seasons, or about the variability in its flight patterns with weekly fluctuations in weather. We sampled flying adults weekly over a 142-week period (from 29 August, 2011 to 2 June, 2014) with 12-unit black plastic multiple funnel traps baited with a male-produced aggregation pheromone in California, USA. Up to 5000 beetles were captured per trap per week, although catches in most weeks were less than 100 insects. Trap catches were regressed against terms for precipitation, solar radiation, vapor pressure, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and trap catches in preceding weeks. The number of beetles captured in each of the preceding two weeks explained most variation in a current week’s catch. This strong temporal autocorrelation was present in regression models developed for males, females, and both sexes pooled. These models were improved by including two environmental variables. Captures of P. juglandis increased with mean weekly air temperature and decreased with increasing mean minimum relative humidity. The percentage of variation in male, female, or total trap catch explained by the temporal variables and the two environmental variables in these multiple regression models ranged from 72% to 76%. While the flight of this invasive insect will likely be affected by site-specific factors as it spreads to new areas, the strong temporal correlation present in this system may provide a useful starting point for developing flight models for newly invaded areas. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7143028 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71430282020-04-14 The Effects of Weather on the Flight of an Invasive Bark Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis Chen, Yigen Aukema, Brian H. Seybold, Steven J. Insects Article The walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), vectors the fungus Geosmithia morbida, which has been implicated in thousand cankers disease of walnut. Little is known about the flight behavior of the insect across seasons, or about the variability in its flight patterns with weekly fluctuations in weather. We sampled flying adults weekly over a 142-week period (from 29 August, 2011 to 2 June, 2014) with 12-unit black plastic multiple funnel traps baited with a male-produced aggregation pheromone in California, USA. Up to 5000 beetles were captured per trap per week, although catches in most weeks were less than 100 insects. Trap catches were regressed against terms for precipitation, solar radiation, vapor pressure, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and trap catches in preceding weeks. The number of beetles captured in each of the preceding two weeks explained most variation in a current week’s catch. This strong temporal autocorrelation was present in regression models developed for males, females, and both sexes pooled. These models were improved by including two environmental variables. Captures of P. juglandis increased with mean weekly air temperature and decreased with increasing mean minimum relative humidity. The percentage of variation in male, female, or total trap catch explained by the temporal variables and the two environmental variables in these multiple regression models ranged from 72% to 76%. While the flight of this invasive insect will likely be affected by site-specific factors as it spreads to new areas, the strong temporal correlation present in this system may provide a useful starting point for developing flight models for newly invaded areas. MDPI 2020-03-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7143028/ /pubmed/32121509 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11030156 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Chen, Yigen Aukema, Brian H. Seybold, Steven J. The Effects of Weather on the Flight of an Invasive Bark Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis |
title | The Effects of Weather on the Flight of an Invasive Bark Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis |
title_full | The Effects of Weather on the Flight of an Invasive Bark Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis |
title_fullStr | The Effects of Weather on the Flight of an Invasive Bark Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis |
title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Weather on the Flight of an Invasive Bark Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis |
title_short | The Effects of Weather on the Flight of an Invasive Bark Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis |
title_sort | effects of weather on the flight of an invasive bark beetle, pityophthorus juglandis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7143028/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32121509 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11030156 |
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