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Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Growth Conditions Modify Biomolecole Production in the Microalga Galdieria sulphuraria (Cyanidiophyceae, Rhodophyta)

Algae have multiple similarities with fungi, with both belonging to the Thallophyte, a polyphyletic group of non-mobile organisms grouped together on the basis of similar characteristics, but not sharing a common ancestor. The main difference between algae and fungi is noted in their metabolism. In...

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Autores principales: Barone, Roberto, De Napoli, Lorenzo, Mayol, Luciano, Paolucci, Marina, Volpe, Maria Grazia, D’Elia, Luigi, Pollio, Antonino, Guida, Marco, Gambino, Edvige, Carraturo, Federica, Marra, Roberta, Vinale, Francesco, Woo, Sheridan Lois, Lorito, Matteo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7143071/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32197552
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18030169
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author Barone, Roberto
De Napoli, Lorenzo
Mayol, Luciano
Paolucci, Marina
Volpe, Maria Grazia
D’Elia, Luigi
Pollio, Antonino
Guida, Marco
Gambino, Edvige
Carraturo, Federica
Marra, Roberta
Vinale, Francesco
Woo, Sheridan Lois
Lorito, Matteo
author_facet Barone, Roberto
De Napoli, Lorenzo
Mayol, Luciano
Paolucci, Marina
Volpe, Maria Grazia
D’Elia, Luigi
Pollio, Antonino
Guida, Marco
Gambino, Edvige
Carraturo, Federica
Marra, Roberta
Vinale, Francesco
Woo, Sheridan Lois
Lorito, Matteo
author_sort Barone, Roberto
collection PubMed
description Algae have multiple similarities with fungi, with both belonging to the Thallophyte, a polyphyletic group of non-mobile organisms grouped together on the basis of similar characteristics, but not sharing a common ancestor. The main difference between algae and fungi is noted in their metabolism. In fact, although algae have chlorophyll-bearing thalloids and are autotrophic organisms, fungi lack chlorophyll and are heterotrophic, not able to synthesize their own nutrients. However, our studies have shown that the extremophilic microalga Galderia sulphuraria (GS) can also grow very well in heterotrophic conditions like fungi. This study was carried out using several approaches such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and infrared spectrophotometry (ATR-FTIR). Results showed that the GS, strain ACUF 064, cultured in autotrophic (AGS) and heterotrophic (HGS) conditions, produced different biomolecules. In particular, when grown in HGS, the algae (i) was 30% larger, with an increase in carbon mass that was 20% greater than AGS; (ii) produced higher quantities of stearic acid, oleic acid, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and ergosterol; (iii) produced lower quantities of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) such as methyl palmytate, and methyl linoleate, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and poyliunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). ATR-FTIR and principal component analysis (PCA) statistical analysis confirmed that the macromolecular content of HGS was significantly different from AGS. The ability to produce different macromolecules by changing the trophic conditions may represent an interesting strategy to induce microalgae to produce different biomolecules that can find applications in several fields such as food, feed, nutraceutical, or energy production.
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spelling pubmed-71430712020-04-14 Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Growth Conditions Modify Biomolecole Production in the Microalga Galdieria sulphuraria (Cyanidiophyceae, Rhodophyta) Barone, Roberto De Napoli, Lorenzo Mayol, Luciano Paolucci, Marina Volpe, Maria Grazia D’Elia, Luigi Pollio, Antonino Guida, Marco Gambino, Edvige Carraturo, Federica Marra, Roberta Vinale, Francesco Woo, Sheridan Lois Lorito, Matteo Mar Drugs Article Algae have multiple similarities with fungi, with both belonging to the Thallophyte, a polyphyletic group of non-mobile organisms grouped together on the basis of similar characteristics, but not sharing a common ancestor. The main difference between algae and fungi is noted in their metabolism. In fact, although algae have chlorophyll-bearing thalloids and are autotrophic organisms, fungi lack chlorophyll and are heterotrophic, not able to synthesize their own nutrients. However, our studies have shown that the extremophilic microalga Galderia sulphuraria (GS) can also grow very well in heterotrophic conditions like fungi. This study was carried out using several approaches such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and infrared spectrophotometry (ATR-FTIR). Results showed that the GS, strain ACUF 064, cultured in autotrophic (AGS) and heterotrophic (HGS) conditions, produced different biomolecules. In particular, when grown in HGS, the algae (i) was 30% larger, with an increase in carbon mass that was 20% greater than AGS; (ii) produced higher quantities of stearic acid, oleic acid, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and ergosterol; (iii) produced lower quantities of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) such as methyl palmytate, and methyl linoleate, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and poyliunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). ATR-FTIR and principal component analysis (PCA) statistical analysis confirmed that the macromolecular content of HGS was significantly different from AGS. The ability to produce different macromolecules by changing the trophic conditions may represent an interesting strategy to induce microalgae to produce different biomolecules that can find applications in several fields such as food, feed, nutraceutical, or energy production. MDPI 2020-03-18 /pmc/articles/PMC7143071/ /pubmed/32197552 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18030169 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Barone, Roberto
De Napoli, Lorenzo
Mayol, Luciano
Paolucci, Marina
Volpe, Maria Grazia
D’Elia, Luigi
Pollio, Antonino
Guida, Marco
Gambino, Edvige
Carraturo, Federica
Marra, Roberta
Vinale, Francesco
Woo, Sheridan Lois
Lorito, Matteo
Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Growth Conditions Modify Biomolecole Production in the Microalga Galdieria sulphuraria (Cyanidiophyceae, Rhodophyta)
title Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Growth Conditions Modify Biomolecole Production in the Microalga Galdieria sulphuraria (Cyanidiophyceae, Rhodophyta)
title_full Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Growth Conditions Modify Biomolecole Production in the Microalga Galdieria sulphuraria (Cyanidiophyceae, Rhodophyta)
title_fullStr Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Growth Conditions Modify Biomolecole Production in the Microalga Galdieria sulphuraria (Cyanidiophyceae, Rhodophyta)
title_full_unstemmed Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Growth Conditions Modify Biomolecole Production in the Microalga Galdieria sulphuraria (Cyanidiophyceae, Rhodophyta)
title_short Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Growth Conditions Modify Biomolecole Production in the Microalga Galdieria sulphuraria (Cyanidiophyceae, Rhodophyta)
title_sort autotrophic and heterotrophic growth conditions modify biomolecole production in the microalga galdieria sulphuraria (cyanidiophyceae, rhodophyta)
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7143071/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32197552
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18030169
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