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Reprogramming of Retrotransposon Activity during Speciation of the Genus Citrus
Speciation of the genus Citrus from a common ancestor has recently been established to begin ∼8 Ma during the late Miocene, a period of major climatic alterations. Here, we report the changes in activity of Citrus LTR retrotransposons during the process of diversification that gave rise to the curre...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7145672/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31710678 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz246 |
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author | Borredá, Carles Pérez-Román, Estela Ibanez, Victoria Terol, Javier Talon, Manuel |
author_facet | Borredá, Carles Pérez-Román, Estela Ibanez, Victoria Terol, Javier Talon, Manuel |
author_sort | Borredá, Carles |
collection | PubMed |
description | Speciation of the genus Citrus from a common ancestor has recently been established to begin ∼8 Ma during the late Miocene, a period of major climatic alterations. Here, we report the changes in activity of Citrus LTR retrotransposons during the process of diversification that gave rise to the current Citrus species. To reach this goal, we analyzed four pure species that diverged early during Citrus speciation, three recent admixtures derived from those species and an outgroup of the Citrus clade. More than 30,000 retrotransposons were grouped in ten linages. Estimations of LTR insertion times revealed that retrotransposon activity followed a species-specific pattern of change that could be ascribed to one of three different models. In some genomes, the expected pattern of gradual transposon accumulation was suddenly arrested during the radiation of the ancestor that gave birth to the current Citrus species. The individualized analyses of retrotransposon lineages showed that in each and every species studied, not all lineages follow the general pattern of the species itself. For instance, in most of the genomes, the retrotransposon activity of elements from the SIRE lineage reached its highest level just before Citrus speciation, while for Retrofit elements, it has been steadily growing. Based on these observations, we propose that Citrus retrotransposons may respond to stressful conditions driving speciation as a part of the genetic response involved in adaptation. This proposal implies that the evolving conditions of each species interact with the internal regulatory mechanisms of the genome controlling the proliferation of mobile elements. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7145672 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71456722020-04-13 Reprogramming of Retrotransposon Activity during Speciation of the Genus Citrus Borredá, Carles Pérez-Román, Estela Ibanez, Victoria Terol, Javier Talon, Manuel Genome Biol Evol Research Article Speciation of the genus Citrus from a common ancestor has recently been established to begin ∼8 Ma during the late Miocene, a period of major climatic alterations. Here, we report the changes in activity of Citrus LTR retrotransposons during the process of diversification that gave rise to the current Citrus species. To reach this goal, we analyzed four pure species that diverged early during Citrus speciation, three recent admixtures derived from those species and an outgroup of the Citrus clade. More than 30,000 retrotransposons were grouped in ten linages. Estimations of LTR insertion times revealed that retrotransposon activity followed a species-specific pattern of change that could be ascribed to one of three different models. In some genomes, the expected pattern of gradual transposon accumulation was suddenly arrested during the radiation of the ancestor that gave birth to the current Citrus species. The individualized analyses of retrotransposon lineages showed that in each and every species studied, not all lineages follow the general pattern of the species itself. For instance, in most of the genomes, the retrotransposon activity of elements from the SIRE lineage reached its highest level just before Citrus speciation, while for Retrofit elements, it has been steadily growing. Based on these observations, we propose that Citrus retrotransposons may respond to stressful conditions driving speciation as a part of the genetic response involved in adaptation. This proposal implies that the evolving conditions of each species interact with the internal regulatory mechanisms of the genome controlling the proliferation of mobile elements. Oxford University Press 2019-11-09 /pmc/articles/PMC7145672/ /pubmed/31710678 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz246 Text en © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Borredá, Carles Pérez-Román, Estela Ibanez, Victoria Terol, Javier Talon, Manuel Reprogramming of Retrotransposon Activity during Speciation of the Genus Citrus |
title | Reprogramming of Retrotransposon Activity during Speciation of the Genus Citrus |
title_full | Reprogramming of Retrotransposon Activity during Speciation of the Genus Citrus |
title_fullStr | Reprogramming of Retrotransposon Activity during Speciation of the Genus Citrus |
title_full_unstemmed | Reprogramming of Retrotransposon Activity during Speciation of the Genus Citrus |
title_short | Reprogramming of Retrotransposon Activity during Speciation of the Genus Citrus |
title_sort | reprogramming of retrotransposon activity during speciation of the genus citrus |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7145672/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31710678 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz246 |
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