Cargando…

Chapter 10 Protein synthesis and regulation in eukaryotes

Protein synthesis is one of the most complex processes in the cell. Its regulation during different stages of growth, division, differentiation, development, aging, and death is a crucial aspect of a living system. In order to translate one mRNA molecule transcribed from a gene, almost 200 small and...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Rattan, Suresh I.S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier B.V. 1995
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7147887/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1569-2582(06)80012-7
_version_ 1783520498080022528
author Rattan, Suresh I.S.
author_facet Rattan, Suresh I.S.
author_sort Rattan, Suresh I.S.
collection PubMed
description Protein synthesis is one of the most complex processes in the cell. Its regulation during different stages of growth, division, differentiation, development, aging, and death is a crucial aspect of a living system. In order to translate one mRNA molecule transcribed from a gene, almost 200 small and large components are required to function effectively and accurately, while using large quantities of cellular energy. Ribosomes, initiation factors, elongation factors, amino acids, tRNAs, and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are the major components of the protein synthetic apparatus. Protein synthesis proceeds in three steps—initiation, elongation, and termination, followed by posttranslational modifications. The rate-limiting factors for the regulation of total protein synthesis can be any of the components of the protein synthetic machinery. The availability of mRNA and the amounts and activities of ribosomes, initiation factors, and elongation factors are the major regulators of protein synthesis. Posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation of various protein synthetic components are involved in determining their activity and stability.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7147887
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 1995
publisher Elsevier B.V.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-71478872020-04-13 Chapter 10 Protein synthesis and regulation in eukaryotes Rattan, Suresh I.S. Principles of Medical Biology Article Protein synthesis is one of the most complex processes in the cell. Its regulation during different stages of growth, division, differentiation, development, aging, and death is a crucial aspect of a living system. In order to translate one mRNA molecule transcribed from a gene, almost 200 small and large components are required to function effectively and accurately, while using large quantities of cellular energy. Ribosomes, initiation factors, elongation factors, amino acids, tRNAs, and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are the major components of the protein synthetic apparatus. Protein synthesis proceeds in three steps—initiation, elongation, and termination, followed by posttranslational modifications. The rate-limiting factors for the regulation of total protein synthesis can be any of the components of the protein synthetic machinery. The availability of mRNA and the amounts and activities of ribosomes, initiation factors, and elongation factors are the major regulators of protein synthesis. Posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation of various protein synthetic components are involved in determining their activity and stability. Elsevier B.V. 1995 2007-09-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7147887/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1569-2582(06)80012-7 Text en Copyright © 1995 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Article
Rattan, Suresh I.S.
Chapter 10 Protein synthesis and regulation in eukaryotes
title Chapter 10 Protein synthesis and regulation in eukaryotes
title_full Chapter 10 Protein synthesis and regulation in eukaryotes
title_fullStr Chapter 10 Protein synthesis and regulation in eukaryotes
title_full_unstemmed Chapter 10 Protein synthesis and regulation in eukaryotes
title_short Chapter 10 Protein synthesis and regulation in eukaryotes
title_sort chapter 10 protein synthesis and regulation in eukaryotes
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7147887/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1569-2582(06)80012-7
work_keys_str_mv AT rattansureshis chapter10proteinsynthesisandregulationineukaryotes