Cargando…

SARS coronavirus infections of the lower respiratory tract and their prevention

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus was first identified in 2003 when it caused an epidemic of fatal human pneumonia cases that rapidly spread to multiple countries from an epicenter in Hong Kong. The outbreak was eventually controlled by quarantine measures but not before it ha...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Petrovsky, N.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7149758/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804543-5.00003-8
_version_ 1783520876762759168
author Petrovsky, N.
author_facet Petrovsky, N.
author_sort Petrovsky, N.
collection PubMed
description The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus was first identified in 2003 when it caused an epidemic of fatal human pneumonia cases that rapidly spread to multiple countries from an epicenter in Hong Kong. The outbreak was eventually controlled by quarantine measures but not before it had caused many fatalities. The original zoonotic source of the SARS virus that caused the outbreak is still unknown but is suspected to be bats. Attempts were made to develop a prophylactic vaccine but the SARS epidemic was over before any vaccines could be tested for human efficacy. As will be discussed in this chapter, coronavirus vaccines present many challenges including low and rapidly waning immunity and the fact that coronavirus vaccines, particularly when formulated with Th2-biased alum adjuvants, can exacerbate coronavirus infection-associated eosinophilic lung immunopathology. Fortunately, this problem can be avoided by formulation of coronavirus vaccines with Th1-type adjuvants that enhance T cell IFN-γ responses, such as, delta inulin or TLR agonists. Hence, appropriate adjuvant selection is vitally important for the development of safe and effective coronavirus vaccines. This chapter will describe the current state of development of SARS vaccines, the issue of coronavirus-associated eosinophilic lung immunopathology and how adjuvants can be used to reduce the risk of this complication.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7149758
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2016
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-71497582020-04-13 SARS coronavirus infections of the lower respiratory tract and their prevention Petrovsky, N. The Microbiology of Respiratory System Infections Article The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus was first identified in 2003 when it caused an epidemic of fatal human pneumonia cases that rapidly spread to multiple countries from an epicenter in Hong Kong. The outbreak was eventually controlled by quarantine measures but not before it had caused many fatalities. The original zoonotic source of the SARS virus that caused the outbreak is still unknown but is suspected to be bats. Attempts were made to develop a prophylactic vaccine but the SARS epidemic was over before any vaccines could be tested for human efficacy. As will be discussed in this chapter, coronavirus vaccines present many challenges including low and rapidly waning immunity and the fact that coronavirus vaccines, particularly when formulated with Th2-biased alum adjuvants, can exacerbate coronavirus infection-associated eosinophilic lung immunopathology. Fortunately, this problem can be avoided by formulation of coronavirus vaccines with Th1-type adjuvants that enhance T cell IFN-γ responses, such as, delta inulin or TLR agonists. Hence, appropriate adjuvant selection is vitally important for the development of safe and effective coronavirus vaccines. This chapter will describe the current state of development of SARS vaccines, the issue of coronavirus-associated eosinophilic lung immunopathology and how adjuvants can be used to reduce the risk of this complication. 2016 2016-08-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7149758/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804543-5.00003-8 Text en Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Article
Petrovsky, N.
SARS coronavirus infections of the lower respiratory tract and their prevention
title SARS coronavirus infections of the lower respiratory tract and their prevention
title_full SARS coronavirus infections of the lower respiratory tract and their prevention
title_fullStr SARS coronavirus infections of the lower respiratory tract and their prevention
title_full_unstemmed SARS coronavirus infections of the lower respiratory tract and their prevention
title_short SARS coronavirus infections of the lower respiratory tract and their prevention
title_sort sars coronavirus infections of the lower respiratory tract and their prevention
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7149758/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804543-5.00003-8
work_keys_str_mv AT petrovskyn sarscoronavirusinfectionsofthelowerrespiratorytractandtheirprevention