Immunological reactions by T cell and regulation of crucial genes in treated celiac disease patients

AIM: To assess the immunological reactions and gene expression level in the celiac disease (CD) patients under a gluten-free diet (GFD). BACKGROUND: CD is an autoimmune disorder in genetic susceptible individuals and lifelong gluten free diet is the effective treatment method. It seems that treated patients will experience a normal life style though there are documents about some potential damages. METHODS: Gene expression profiles of treated CD patients and healthy samples were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and compared to find the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The identified DEGs were introduced in the network and gene ontology (GO) analysis. RESULTS: Ten differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including CCR2, IRF4, FASLG, CCR4, ICOS, TNFSF18, BACH2, LTF, PRM1, and PRM2 were investigated via network analysis. Seven clusters of biological processes (BP) were determined as the affected BP. PThe finding led to introduction of CCR2, IRF4, FASLG, CCR4, and ICOS as the potential immunological markers that are still active despite GFD in the treated CD patients. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that the immune system is already active in treated CD patients despite GFD treatment and exposure to gluten causes potential immunological reactions in these patients.