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PNEUMONIA | Community Acquired Pneumonia, Bacterial and Other Common Pathogens

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the number one cause of death from infectious diseases in the US, and the patient population that is affected is becoming increasingly more complex due to the presence of chronic illness which is commonly managed in outpatients who are at risk for pneumonia. The...

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Autor principal: Niederman, M.S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: 2006
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7150347/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-370879-6/00310-0
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author Niederman, M.S.
author_facet Niederman, M.S.
author_sort Niederman, M.S.
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description Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the number one cause of death from infectious diseases in the US, and the patient population that is affected is becoming increasingly more complex due to the presence of chronic illness which is commonly managed in outpatients who are at risk for pneumonia. The number one pathogen causing CAP is pneumococcus, which is commonly resistant to multiple antibiotics, thus complicating management. Other common pathogens include atypical organisms (Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae), Hemophilus influenzae, enteric Gram-negatives (especially in those with chronic illness and aspiration risk factors), and Staphylococcus aureus. Successful management requires careful assessment of disease severity so that a site-of-care decision can be made (outpatient, inpatient, intensive care unit), appropriate samples for diagnostic testing collected, and antibiotic therapy initiated in a timely and accurate fashion. Initial antibiotic therapy is empiric, but even with extensive diagnostic testing, less than half of all patients have an etiologic pathogen identified. All patients with CAP require therapy for pneumococcus, atypical pathogens, and other organisms, as dictated by the presence of specific risk factors. Because pneumonia has both short-term and long-term impact on mortality, it is also important to focus on prevention of this illness, which requires smoking cessation, and giving at-risk individuals both pneumococal and influenza vaccines.
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spelling pubmed-71503472020-04-13 PNEUMONIA | Community Acquired Pneumonia, Bacterial and Other Common Pathogens Niederman, M.S. Encyclopedia of Respiratory Medicine Article Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the number one cause of death from infectious diseases in the US, and the patient population that is affected is becoming increasingly more complex due to the presence of chronic illness which is commonly managed in outpatients who are at risk for pneumonia. The number one pathogen causing CAP is pneumococcus, which is commonly resistant to multiple antibiotics, thus complicating management. Other common pathogens include atypical organisms (Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae), Hemophilus influenzae, enteric Gram-negatives (especially in those with chronic illness and aspiration risk factors), and Staphylococcus aureus. Successful management requires careful assessment of disease severity so that a site-of-care decision can be made (outpatient, inpatient, intensive care unit), appropriate samples for diagnostic testing collected, and antibiotic therapy initiated in a timely and accurate fashion. Initial antibiotic therapy is empiric, but even with extensive diagnostic testing, less than half of all patients have an etiologic pathogen identified. All patients with CAP require therapy for pneumococcus, atypical pathogens, and other organisms, as dictated by the presence of specific risk factors. Because pneumonia has both short-term and long-term impact on mortality, it is also important to focus on prevention of this illness, which requires smoking cessation, and giving at-risk individuals both pneumococal and influenza vaccines. 2006 2006-05-13 /pmc/articles/PMC7150347/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-370879-6/00310-0 Text en Copyright © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Article
Niederman, M.S.
PNEUMONIA | Community Acquired Pneumonia, Bacterial and Other Common Pathogens
title PNEUMONIA | Community Acquired Pneumonia, Bacterial and Other Common Pathogens
title_full PNEUMONIA | Community Acquired Pneumonia, Bacterial and Other Common Pathogens
title_fullStr PNEUMONIA | Community Acquired Pneumonia, Bacterial and Other Common Pathogens
title_full_unstemmed PNEUMONIA | Community Acquired Pneumonia, Bacterial and Other Common Pathogens
title_short PNEUMONIA | Community Acquired Pneumonia, Bacterial and Other Common Pathogens
title_sort pneumonia | community acquired pneumonia, bacterial and other common pathogens
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7150347/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-370879-6/00310-0
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