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Choosing what is left: the spatial structure of a wild herbivore population within a livestock-dominated landscape
Shrublands and grasslands comprise over 30% of the land surface and are among the most exploited ecosystems for livestock production. Across natural landscapes, the distribution and abundance of wild herbivores are affected by interspecific competition for foraging resources, hunting and the develop...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
PeerJ Inc.
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7150538/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32296614 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8945 |
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author | Antún, Milagros Baldi, Ricardo |
author_facet | Antún, Milagros Baldi, Ricardo |
author_sort | Antún, Milagros |
collection | PubMed |
description | Shrublands and grasslands comprise over 30% of the land surface and are among the most exploited ecosystems for livestock production. Across natural landscapes, the distribution and abundance of wild herbivores are affected by interspecific competition for foraging resources, hunting and the development of infrastructure among other factors. In Argentine Patagonia, the abundance of domestic sheep grazing on native vegetation outnumbers the widely distributed guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and sheep ranching monopolizes the most productive lands. In this work, we aimed to assess the spatial variation in the abundance of guanacos in Península Valdés, a representative landscape of Patagonia, investigating the incidence of natural and human-related factors. We conducted ground surveys during the austral autumn in 2017 totaling 383.4 km along areas with and without sheep ranching. We built density surface models to account for the variation in guanaco abundance and obtained a map of guanaco density at a resolution of 4 km(2). We estimated an overall density of 11.71 guanacos.km(−2) for a prediction area of 3,196 km(2), although the density of guanacos tripled in areas where sheep ranching was terminated (in around 20% of the surface of Península Valdés) compared to areas with sheep. Guanacos were more abundant at lower values of primary productivity and sheep stocking rates and further from inhabited ranch buildings, suggesting competition with sheep and conflict with humans. Although guanacos selected open, grass-dominated habitats across sheep-free sites, fences dividing properties and paddocks played a significant role in the spatial structure of their population in Península Valdés affecting negatively the abundance of guanacos. Our results indicate that actions to improve habitat connectivity for guanacos, favor the coexistence among guanacos and sheep ranching, and promote responsible human activities and attitudes towards wildlife are needed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7150538 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71505382020-04-15 Choosing what is left: the spatial structure of a wild herbivore population within a livestock-dominated landscape Antún, Milagros Baldi, Ricardo PeerJ Conservation Biology Shrublands and grasslands comprise over 30% of the land surface and are among the most exploited ecosystems for livestock production. Across natural landscapes, the distribution and abundance of wild herbivores are affected by interspecific competition for foraging resources, hunting and the development of infrastructure among other factors. In Argentine Patagonia, the abundance of domestic sheep grazing on native vegetation outnumbers the widely distributed guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and sheep ranching monopolizes the most productive lands. In this work, we aimed to assess the spatial variation in the abundance of guanacos in Península Valdés, a representative landscape of Patagonia, investigating the incidence of natural and human-related factors. We conducted ground surveys during the austral autumn in 2017 totaling 383.4 km along areas with and without sheep ranching. We built density surface models to account for the variation in guanaco abundance and obtained a map of guanaco density at a resolution of 4 km(2). We estimated an overall density of 11.71 guanacos.km(−2) for a prediction area of 3,196 km(2), although the density of guanacos tripled in areas where sheep ranching was terminated (in around 20% of the surface of Península Valdés) compared to areas with sheep. Guanacos were more abundant at lower values of primary productivity and sheep stocking rates and further from inhabited ranch buildings, suggesting competition with sheep and conflict with humans. Although guanacos selected open, grass-dominated habitats across sheep-free sites, fences dividing properties and paddocks played a significant role in the spatial structure of their population in Península Valdés affecting negatively the abundance of guanacos. Our results indicate that actions to improve habitat connectivity for guanacos, favor the coexistence among guanacos and sheep ranching, and promote responsible human activities and attitudes towards wildlife are needed. PeerJ Inc. 2020-04-08 /pmc/articles/PMC7150538/ /pubmed/32296614 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8945 Text en © 2020 Antún and Baldi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. |
spellingShingle | Conservation Biology Antún, Milagros Baldi, Ricardo Choosing what is left: the spatial structure of a wild herbivore population within a livestock-dominated landscape |
title | Choosing what is left: the spatial structure of a wild herbivore population within a livestock-dominated landscape |
title_full | Choosing what is left: the spatial structure of a wild herbivore population within a livestock-dominated landscape |
title_fullStr | Choosing what is left: the spatial structure of a wild herbivore population within a livestock-dominated landscape |
title_full_unstemmed | Choosing what is left: the spatial structure of a wild herbivore population within a livestock-dominated landscape |
title_short | Choosing what is left: the spatial structure of a wild herbivore population within a livestock-dominated landscape |
title_sort | choosing what is left: the spatial structure of a wild herbivore population within a livestock-dominated landscape |
topic | Conservation Biology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7150538/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32296614 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8945 |
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