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Differential Gene Expression between Fungal Mating Types Is Associated with Sequence Degeneration
Degenerative mutations in non-recombining regions, such as in sex chromosomes, may lead to differential expression between alleles if mutations occur stochastically in one or the other allele. Reduced allelic expression due to degeneration has indeed been suggested to occur in various sex-chromosome...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Oxford University Press
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7150583/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32058544 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa028 |
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author | Ma, Wen-Juan Carpentier, Fantin Giraud, Tatiana Hood, Michael E |
author_facet | Ma, Wen-Juan Carpentier, Fantin Giraud, Tatiana Hood, Michael E |
author_sort | Ma, Wen-Juan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Degenerative mutations in non-recombining regions, such as in sex chromosomes, may lead to differential expression between alleles if mutations occur stochastically in one or the other allele. Reduced allelic expression due to degeneration has indeed been suggested to occur in various sex-chromosome systems. However, whether an association occurs between specific signatures of degeneration and differential expression between alleles has not been extensively tested, and sexual antagonism can also cause differential expression on sex chromosomes. The anther-smut fungus Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae is ideal for testing associations between specific degenerative signatures and differential expression because 1) there are multiple evolutionary strata on the mating-type chromosomes, reflecting successive recombination suppression linked to mating-type loci; 2) separate haploid cultures of opposite mating types help identify differential expression between alleles; and 3) there is no sexual antagonism as a confounding factor accounting for differential expression. We found that differentially expressed genes were enriched in the four oldest evolutionary strata compared with other genomic compartments, and that, within compartments, several signatures of sequence degeneration were greater for differentially expressed than non-differentially expressed genes. Two particular degenerative signatures were significantly associated with lower expression levels within differentially expressed allele pairs: upstream insertion of transposable elements and mutations truncating the protein length. Other degenerative mutations associated with differential expression included nonsynonymous substitutions and altered intron or GC content. The association between differential expression and allele degeneration is relevant for a broad range of taxa where mating compatibility or sex is determined by genes located in large regions where recombination is suppressed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7150583 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71505832020-04-15 Differential Gene Expression between Fungal Mating Types Is Associated with Sequence Degeneration Ma, Wen-Juan Carpentier, Fantin Giraud, Tatiana Hood, Michael E Genome Biol Evol Research Article Degenerative mutations in non-recombining regions, such as in sex chromosomes, may lead to differential expression between alleles if mutations occur stochastically in one or the other allele. Reduced allelic expression due to degeneration has indeed been suggested to occur in various sex-chromosome systems. However, whether an association occurs between specific signatures of degeneration and differential expression between alleles has not been extensively tested, and sexual antagonism can also cause differential expression on sex chromosomes. The anther-smut fungus Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae is ideal for testing associations between specific degenerative signatures and differential expression because 1) there are multiple evolutionary strata on the mating-type chromosomes, reflecting successive recombination suppression linked to mating-type loci; 2) separate haploid cultures of opposite mating types help identify differential expression between alleles; and 3) there is no sexual antagonism as a confounding factor accounting for differential expression. We found that differentially expressed genes were enriched in the four oldest evolutionary strata compared with other genomic compartments, and that, within compartments, several signatures of sequence degeneration were greater for differentially expressed than non-differentially expressed genes. Two particular degenerative signatures were significantly associated with lower expression levels within differentially expressed allele pairs: upstream insertion of transposable elements and mutations truncating the protein length. Other degenerative mutations associated with differential expression included nonsynonymous substitutions and altered intron or GC content. The association between differential expression and allele degeneration is relevant for a broad range of taxa where mating compatibility or sex is determined by genes located in large regions where recombination is suppressed. Oxford University Press 2020-02-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7150583/ /pubmed/32058544 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa028 Text en © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com |
spellingShingle | Research Article Ma, Wen-Juan Carpentier, Fantin Giraud, Tatiana Hood, Michael E Differential Gene Expression between Fungal Mating Types Is Associated with Sequence Degeneration |
title | Differential Gene Expression between Fungal Mating Types Is Associated with Sequence Degeneration |
title_full | Differential Gene Expression between Fungal Mating Types Is Associated with Sequence Degeneration |
title_fullStr | Differential Gene Expression between Fungal Mating Types Is Associated with Sequence Degeneration |
title_full_unstemmed | Differential Gene Expression between Fungal Mating Types Is Associated with Sequence Degeneration |
title_short | Differential Gene Expression between Fungal Mating Types Is Associated with Sequence Degeneration |
title_sort | differential gene expression between fungal mating types is associated with sequence degeneration |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7150583/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32058544 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa028 |
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