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Feline Parvovirus Seroprevalence Is High in Domestic Cats from Disease Outbreak and Non-Outbreak Regions in Australia

Multiple, epizootic outbreaks of feline panleukopenia (FPL) caused by feline parvovirus (FPV) occurred in eastern Australia between 2014 and 2018. Most affected cats were unvaccinated. We hypothesised that low population immunity was a major driver of re-emergent FPL. The aim of this study was to (i...

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Autores principales: Jenkins, Elizabeth, Davis, Conor, Carrai, Maura, Ward, Michael P., O’Keeffe, Susan, van Boeijen, Martine, Beveridge, Louise, Desario, Costantina, Buonavoglia, Canio, Beatty, Julia A., Decaro, Nicola, Barrs, Vanessa R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7150783/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32188115
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12030320
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author Jenkins, Elizabeth
Davis, Conor
Carrai, Maura
Ward, Michael P.
O’Keeffe, Susan
van Boeijen, Martine
Beveridge, Louise
Desario, Costantina
Buonavoglia, Canio
Beatty, Julia A.
Decaro, Nicola
Barrs, Vanessa R.
author_facet Jenkins, Elizabeth
Davis, Conor
Carrai, Maura
Ward, Michael P.
O’Keeffe, Susan
van Boeijen, Martine
Beveridge, Louise
Desario, Costantina
Buonavoglia, Canio
Beatty, Julia A.
Decaro, Nicola
Barrs, Vanessa R.
author_sort Jenkins, Elizabeth
collection PubMed
description Multiple, epizootic outbreaks of feline panleukopenia (FPL) caused by feline parvovirus (FPV) occurred in eastern Australia between 2014 and 2018. Most affected cats were unvaccinated. We hypothesised that low population immunity was a major driver of re-emergent FPL. The aim of this study was to (i) determine the prevalence and predictors of seroprotective titres to FPV among shelter-housed and owned cats, and (ii) compare the prevalence of seroprotection between a region affected and unaffected by FPL outbreaks. FPV antibodies were detected by haemagglutination inhibition assay on sera from 523 cats and titres ≥1:40 were considered protective. Socioeconomic indices based on postcode and census data were included in the risk factor analysis. The prevalence of protective FPV antibody titres was high overall (94.3%), even though only 42% of cats were known to be vaccinated, and was not significantly different between outbreak and non-outbreak regions. On multivariable logistic regression analysis vaccinated cats were 29.94 times more likely to have protective FPV titres than cats not known to be vaccinated. Cats from postcodes of relatively less socioeconomic disadvantage were 5.93 times more likely to have protective FPV titres. The predictors identified for FPV seroprotective titres indicate targeted vaccination strategies in regions of socioeconomic disadvantage would be beneficial to increase population immunity. The critical level of vaccine coverage required to halt FPV transmission and prevent FPL outbreaks should be determined.
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spelling pubmed-71507832020-04-20 Feline Parvovirus Seroprevalence Is High in Domestic Cats from Disease Outbreak and Non-Outbreak Regions in Australia Jenkins, Elizabeth Davis, Conor Carrai, Maura Ward, Michael P. O’Keeffe, Susan van Boeijen, Martine Beveridge, Louise Desario, Costantina Buonavoglia, Canio Beatty, Julia A. Decaro, Nicola Barrs, Vanessa R. Viruses Article Multiple, epizootic outbreaks of feline panleukopenia (FPL) caused by feline parvovirus (FPV) occurred in eastern Australia between 2014 and 2018. Most affected cats were unvaccinated. We hypothesised that low population immunity was a major driver of re-emergent FPL. The aim of this study was to (i) determine the prevalence and predictors of seroprotective titres to FPV among shelter-housed and owned cats, and (ii) compare the prevalence of seroprotection between a region affected and unaffected by FPL outbreaks. FPV antibodies were detected by haemagglutination inhibition assay on sera from 523 cats and titres ≥1:40 were considered protective. Socioeconomic indices based on postcode and census data were included in the risk factor analysis. The prevalence of protective FPV antibody titres was high overall (94.3%), even though only 42% of cats were known to be vaccinated, and was not significantly different between outbreak and non-outbreak regions. On multivariable logistic regression analysis vaccinated cats were 29.94 times more likely to have protective FPV titres than cats not known to be vaccinated. Cats from postcodes of relatively less socioeconomic disadvantage were 5.93 times more likely to have protective FPV titres. The predictors identified for FPV seroprotective titres indicate targeted vaccination strategies in regions of socioeconomic disadvantage would be beneficial to increase population immunity. The critical level of vaccine coverage required to halt FPV transmission and prevent FPL outbreaks should be determined. MDPI 2020-03-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7150783/ /pubmed/32188115 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12030320 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Jenkins, Elizabeth
Davis, Conor
Carrai, Maura
Ward, Michael P.
O’Keeffe, Susan
van Boeijen, Martine
Beveridge, Louise
Desario, Costantina
Buonavoglia, Canio
Beatty, Julia A.
Decaro, Nicola
Barrs, Vanessa R.
Feline Parvovirus Seroprevalence Is High in Domestic Cats from Disease Outbreak and Non-Outbreak Regions in Australia
title Feline Parvovirus Seroprevalence Is High in Domestic Cats from Disease Outbreak and Non-Outbreak Regions in Australia
title_full Feline Parvovirus Seroprevalence Is High in Domestic Cats from Disease Outbreak and Non-Outbreak Regions in Australia
title_fullStr Feline Parvovirus Seroprevalence Is High in Domestic Cats from Disease Outbreak and Non-Outbreak Regions in Australia
title_full_unstemmed Feline Parvovirus Seroprevalence Is High in Domestic Cats from Disease Outbreak and Non-Outbreak Regions in Australia
title_short Feline Parvovirus Seroprevalence Is High in Domestic Cats from Disease Outbreak and Non-Outbreak Regions in Australia
title_sort feline parvovirus seroprevalence is high in domestic cats from disease outbreak and non-outbreak regions in australia
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7150783/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32188115
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12030320
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