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Drug Use in Denmark for Drugs Having Pharmacogenomics (PGx) Based Dosing Guidelines from CPIC or DPWG for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 Drug–Gene Pairs: Perspectives for Introducing PGx Test to Polypharmacy Patients
Background: The cytochrome P450 drug metabolizing enzymes CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 are the major targets for pharmacogenomics (PGx) testing and determining for drug response. Clinical dosing guidelines for specific drug-gene interactions (DGI) are publicly available through PharmGKB. The aim of this regis...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7151550/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31963319 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm10010003 |
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author | Westergaard, Niels Søgaard Nielsen, Regitze Jørgensen, Steffen Vermehren, Charlotte |
author_facet | Westergaard, Niels Søgaard Nielsen, Regitze Jørgensen, Steffen Vermehren, Charlotte |
author_sort | Westergaard, Niels |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: The cytochrome P450 drug metabolizing enzymes CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 are the major targets for pharmacogenomics (PGx) testing and determining for drug response. Clinical dosing guidelines for specific drug-gene interactions (DGI) are publicly available through PharmGKB. The aim of this register study was to map the use of drugs in Denmark for drugs having actionable dosing guidelines (AG) i.e., dosing recommendations different from standard dosing for CYP2D6 or CYP2C19 DGI in terms of consumption. Methods: The Danish Register of Medicinal Product Statistics was the source to retrieve consumption in Defined Daily Dose (DDD) i.e., the assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults and number of users (2017 data). Clinical dosing guidelines were available from the PharmGKB website. Results: Forty-nine drugs have guidelines corresponding to 14.5% of total sales in DDD. Twenty-eight drugs have AG corresponding to 375.2 million DDD. Pantoprazole, lansoprazole, omeprazole, clopidogrel, and metoprolol constituted fifty-eight percent of the consumption in DDD of drugs having AG. The consumption of antidepressant drugs, opioids, and antipsychotic drugs were 157.0 million DDD; with 441,850 users, 48.9 million DDD; with 427,765 users, and 23.7 million DDD; with 128,935 users, respectively. Age distributions of consumption of drugs and drug combinations, e.g., for sertraline redeemed either alone or in combination with metoprolol and tramadol, are presented. Conclusion: This exploratory register study clearly showed that a large fraction of the Danish population, especially the elderly, are exposed to drugs or drug combinations for which there exist AG related to PGx of CYP2D6 or CYP2C19. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7151550 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71515502020-04-20 Drug Use in Denmark for Drugs Having Pharmacogenomics (PGx) Based Dosing Guidelines from CPIC or DPWG for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 Drug–Gene Pairs: Perspectives for Introducing PGx Test to Polypharmacy Patients Westergaard, Niels Søgaard Nielsen, Regitze Jørgensen, Steffen Vermehren, Charlotte J Pers Med Article Background: The cytochrome P450 drug metabolizing enzymes CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 are the major targets for pharmacogenomics (PGx) testing and determining for drug response. Clinical dosing guidelines for specific drug-gene interactions (DGI) are publicly available through PharmGKB. The aim of this register study was to map the use of drugs in Denmark for drugs having actionable dosing guidelines (AG) i.e., dosing recommendations different from standard dosing for CYP2D6 or CYP2C19 DGI in terms of consumption. Methods: The Danish Register of Medicinal Product Statistics was the source to retrieve consumption in Defined Daily Dose (DDD) i.e., the assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults and number of users (2017 data). Clinical dosing guidelines were available from the PharmGKB website. Results: Forty-nine drugs have guidelines corresponding to 14.5% of total sales in DDD. Twenty-eight drugs have AG corresponding to 375.2 million DDD. Pantoprazole, lansoprazole, omeprazole, clopidogrel, and metoprolol constituted fifty-eight percent of the consumption in DDD of drugs having AG. The consumption of antidepressant drugs, opioids, and antipsychotic drugs were 157.0 million DDD; with 441,850 users, 48.9 million DDD; with 427,765 users, and 23.7 million DDD; with 128,935 users, respectively. Age distributions of consumption of drugs and drug combinations, e.g., for sertraline redeemed either alone or in combination with metoprolol and tramadol, are presented. Conclusion: This exploratory register study clearly showed that a large fraction of the Danish population, especially the elderly, are exposed to drugs or drug combinations for which there exist AG related to PGx of CYP2D6 or CYP2C19. MDPI 2020-01-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7151550/ /pubmed/31963319 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm10010003 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Westergaard, Niels Søgaard Nielsen, Regitze Jørgensen, Steffen Vermehren, Charlotte Drug Use in Denmark for Drugs Having Pharmacogenomics (PGx) Based Dosing Guidelines from CPIC or DPWG for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 Drug–Gene Pairs: Perspectives for Introducing PGx Test to Polypharmacy Patients |
title | Drug Use in Denmark for Drugs Having Pharmacogenomics (PGx) Based Dosing Guidelines from CPIC or DPWG for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 Drug–Gene Pairs: Perspectives for Introducing PGx Test to Polypharmacy Patients |
title_full | Drug Use in Denmark for Drugs Having Pharmacogenomics (PGx) Based Dosing Guidelines from CPIC or DPWG for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 Drug–Gene Pairs: Perspectives for Introducing PGx Test to Polypharmacy Patients |
title_fullStr | Drug Use in Denmark for Drugs Having Pharmacogenomics (PGx) Based Dosing Guidelines from CPIC or DPWG for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 Drug–Gene Pairs: Perspectives for Introducing PGx Test to Polypharmacy Patients |
title_full_unstemmed | Drug Use in Denmark for Drugs Having Pharmacogenomics (PGx) Based Dosing Guidelines from CPIC or DPWG for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 Drug–Gene Pairs: Perspectives for Introducing PGx Test to Polypharmacy Patients |
title_short | Drug Use in Denmark for Drugs Having Pharmacogenomics (PGx) Based Dosing Guidelines from CPIC or DPWG for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 Drug–Gene Pairs: Perspectives for Introducing PGx Test to Polypharmacy Patients |
title_sort | drug use in denmark for drugs having pharmacogenomics (pgx) based dosing guidelines from cpic or dpwg for cyp2d6 and cyp2c19 drug–gene pairs: perspectives for introducing pgx test to polypharmacy patients |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7151550/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31963319 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm10010003 |
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