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Unravelling the Potential Cytotoxic Effects of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Metal(Loid) Mixtures on A549 Human Cell Line
Humans are typically exposed to environmental contaminants’ mixtures that result in different toxicity than exposure to the individual counterparts. Yet, the toxicology of chemical mixtures has been overlooked. This work aims at assessing and comparing viability and cell cycle of A549 cells after ex...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7153484/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32131449 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10030447 |
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author | Rosário, Fernanda Bessa, Maria João Brandão, Fátima Costa, Carla Lopes, Cláudia B. Estrada, Ana C. Tavares, Daniela S. Teixeira, João Paulo Reis, Ana Teresa |
author_facet | Rosário, Fernanda Bessa, Maria João Brandão, Fátima Costa, Carla Lopes, Cláudia B. Estrada, Ana C. Tavares, Daniela S. Teixeira, João Paulo Reis, Ana Teresa |
author_sort | Rosário, Fernanda |
collection | PubMed |
description | Humans are typically exposed to environmental contaminants’ mixtures that result in different toxicity than exposure to the individual counterparts. Yet, the toxicology of chemical mixtures has been overlooked. This work aims at assessing and comparing viability and cell cycle of A549 cells after exposure to single and binary mixtures of: titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO(2)NP) 0.75–75 mg/L; cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO(2)NP) 0.75–10 μg/L; arsenic (As) 0.75–2.5 mg/L; and mercury (Hg) 5–100 mg/L. Viability was assessed through water-soluble tetrazolium (WST-1) and thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) (24 h exposure) and clonogenic (seven-day exposure) assays. Cell cycle alterations were explored by flow cytometry. Viability was affected in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Prolonged exposure caused inhibition of cell proliferation even at low concentrations. Cell-cycle progression was affected by TiO(2)NP 75 mg/L, and As 0.75 and 2.5 μg/L, increasing the cell proportion at G0/G1 phase. Combined exposure of TiO(2)NP or CeO(2)NP mitigated As adverse effects, increasing the cell surviving factor, but cell cycle alterations were still observed. Only CeO(2)NP co-exposure reduced Hg toxicity, translated in a decrease of cells in Sub-G1. Toxicity was diminished for both NPs co-exposure compared to its toxicity alone, but a marked toxicity for the highest concentrations was observed for longer exposures. These findings prove that joint toxicity of contaminants must not be disregarded. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7153484 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71534842020-04-20 Unravelling the Potential Cytotoxic Effects of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Metal(Loid) Mixtures on A549 Human Cell Line Rosário, Fernanda Bessa, Maria João Brandão, Fátima Costa, Carla Lopes, Cláudia B. Estrada, Ana C. Tavares, Daniela S. Teixeira, João Paulo Reis, Ana Teresa Nanomaterials (Basel) Article Humans are typically exposed to environmental contaminants’ mixtures that result in different toxicity than exposure to the individual counterparts. Yet, the toxicology of chemical mixtures has been overlooked. This work aims at assessing and comparing viability and cell cycle of A549 cells after exposure to single and binary mixtures of: titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO(2)NP) 0.75–75 mg/L; cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO(2)NP) 0.75–10 μg/L; arsenic (As) 0.75–2.5 mg/L; and mercury (Hg) 5–100 mg/L. Viability was assessed through water-soluble tetrazolium (WST-1) and thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) (24 h exposure) and clonogenic (seven-day exposure) assays. Cell cycle alterations were explored by flow cytometry. Viability was affected in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Prolonged exposure caused inhibition of cell proliferation even at low concentrations. Cell-cycle progression was affected by TiO(2)NP 75 mg/L, and As 0.75 and 2.5 μg/L, increasing the cell proportion at G0/G1 phase. Combined exposure of TiO(2)NP or CeO(2)NP mitigated As adverse effects, increasing the cell surviving factor, but cell cycle alterations were still observed. Only CeO(2)NP co-exposure reduced Hg toxicity, translated in a decrease of cells in Sub-G1. Toxicity was diminished for both NPs co-exposure compared to its toxicity alone, but a marked toxicity for the highest concentrations was observed for longer exposures. These findings prove that joint toxicity of contaminants must not be disregarded. MDPI 2020-03-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7153484/ /pubmed/32131449 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10030447 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Rosário, Fernanda Bessa, Maria João Brandão, Fátima Costa, Carla Lopes, Cláudia B. Estrada, Ana C. Tavares, Daniela S. Teixeira, João Paulo Reis, Ana Teresa Unravelling the Potential Cytotoxic Effects of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Metal(Loid) Mixtures on A549 Human Cell Line |
title | Unravelling the Potential Cytotoxic Effects of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Metal(Loid) Mixtures on A549 Human Cell Line |
title_full | Unravelling the Potential Cytotoxic Effects of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Metal(Loid) Mixtures on A549 Human Cell Line |
title_fullStr | Unravelling the Potential Cytotoxic Effects of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Metal(Loid) Mixtures on A549 Human Cell Line |
title_full_unstemmed | Unravelling the Potential Cytotoxic Effects of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Metal(Loid) Mixtures on A549 Human Cell Line |
title_short | Unravelling the Potential Cytotoxic Effects of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Metal(Loid) Mixtures on A549 Human Cell Line |
title_sort | unravelling the potential cytotoxic effects of metal oxide nanoparticles and metal(loid) mixtures on a549 human cell line |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7153484/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32131449 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10030447 |
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