Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA) SNHG5 Participates in Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy for Type II Diabetes Mellitus by Regulating TGR5

BACKGROUND: Due to its remarkable effect in controlling glycometabolism, relatively simple operation, and low risk of complications, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has become the preferred surgical treatment for type II diabetes mellitus. Increased blood glucose in the body can cause damage to functional cells. MATERIAL/METHODS: Long non-coding RNA SNHG5 expression and TGR5 in serum were analyzed by real-time PCR. A diabetic cell model was established by culturing normal human intestinal epithelial cells NCM460 and DLD-1 with high-glucose and high-fat medium. CCK-8 assay, TUNEL assay, and flow cytometry were used to assess cell growth and apoptosis, respectively. The secretion of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was detected using the LDH Cytotoxicity Kit. lncRNA SNHG5 was downregulated by siRNA. The changes in expression of SNHG5, TGR5, Akt, p65, and Bcl-2 were analyzed by real-time PCR assay or Western blot. RESULTS: In 40 type II diabetes patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy, the expression of SNHG5 decreased and the expression of TGR5 increased compared with that before the operation. After high-glucose and high-fat culture, cell growth was inhibited and cell apoptosis increased significantly. The expression of SNHG5 was increased and TGR5 was decreased with high-glucose and high-fat culture. However, high glucose and high fat showed an opposite trend for cell growth, apoptosis, and LDH release under inhibition of SNHG5. The expression levels of TGR5 and Akt, p65, and Bcl-2 were also returned to normal by SNHG5 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: By downregulating expression of the SNHG5 gene and then altering expression of the TGR5 gene, the damage to colorectal cells induced by high glucose was alleviated. This may be one of the mechanisms underlying the effect of sleeve gastric surgery in treatment of diabetes mellitus.