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Building peptidoglycan inside eukaryotic cells: A view from symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria

The peptidoglycan (PG), as the exoskeleton of most prokaryotes, maintains a defined shape and ensures cell integrity against the high internal turgor pressure. These important roles have attracted researchers to target PG metabolism in order to control bacterial infections. Most studies, however, ha...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: García‐del Portillo, Francisco
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7154730/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32185832
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mmi.14452
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author García‐del Portillo, Francisco
author_facet García‐del Portillo, Francisco
author_sort García‐del Portillo, Francisco
collection PubMed
description The peptidoglycan (PG), as the exoskeleton of most prokaryotes, maintains a defined shape and ensures cell integrity against the high internal turgor pressure. These important roles have attracted researchers to target PG metabolism in order to control bacterial infections. Most studies, however, have been performed in bacteria grown under laboratory conditions, leading to only a partial view on how the PG is synthetized in natural environments. As a case in point, PG metabolism and its regulation remain poorly understood in symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria living inside eukaryotic cells. This review focuses on the PG metabolism of intracellular bacteria, emphasizing the necessity of more in vivo studies involving the analysis of enzymes produced in the intracellular niche and the isolation of PG from bacteria residing within eukaryotic cells. The review also points to persistent infections caused by some intracellular bacterial pathogens and the extent at which the PG could contribute to establish such physiological state. Based on recent evidences, I speculate on the idea that certain structural features of the PG may facilitate attenuation of intracellular growth. Lastly, I discuss recent findings in endosymbionts supporting a cooperation between host and bacterial enzymes to assemble a mature PG.
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spelling pubmed-71547302020-04-15 Building peptidoglycan inside eukaryotic cells: A view from symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria García‐del Portillo, Francisco Mol Microbiol Cell Wall The peptidoglycan (PG), as the exoskeleton of most prokaryotes, maintains a defined shape and ensures cell integrity against the high internal turgor pressure. These important roles have attracted researchers to target PG metabolism in order to control bacterial infections. Most studies, however, have been performed in bacteria grown under laboratory conditions, leading to only a partial view on how the PG is synthetized in natural environments. As a case in point, PG metabolism and its regulation remain poorly understood in symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria living inside eukaryotic cells. This review focuses on the PG metabolism of intracellular bacteria, emphasizing the necessity of more in vivo studies involving the analysis of enzymes produced in the intracellular niche and the isolation of PG from bacteria residing within eukaryotic cells. The review also points to persistent infections caused by some intracellular bacterial pathogens and the extent at which the PG could contribute to establish such physiological state. Based on recent evidences, I speculate on the idea that certain structural features of the PG may facilitate attenuation of intracellular growth. Lastly, I discuss recent findings in endosymbionts supporting a cooperation between host and bacterial enzymes to assemble a mature PG. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020-03-17 2020-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7154730/ /pubmed/32185832 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mmi.14452 Text en © 2020 The Authors. Molecular Microbiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Cell Wall
García‐del Portillo, Francisco
Building peptidoglycan inside eukaryotic cells: A view from symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria
title Building peptidoglycan inside eukaryotic cells: A view from symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria
title_full Building peptidoglycan inside eukaryotic cells: A view from symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria
title_fullStr Building peptidoglycan inside eukaryotic cells: A view from symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria
title_full_unstemmed Building peptidoglycan inside eukaryotic cells: A view from symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria
title_short Building peptidoglycan inside eukaryotic cells: A view from symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria
title_sort building peptidoglycan inside eukaryotic cells: a view from symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria
topic Cell Wall
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7154730/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32185832
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mmi.14452
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