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Flower Colour Polymorphism, Pollination Modes, Breeding System and Gene Flow in Anemone coronaria

The flower colour of Anemone coronaria (Ranunculaceae) is a genetically inherited trait. Such intra-specific flower colour polymorphism might be driven by pollinators, other non-pollinating agents, or by abiotic factors. We investigated the genetic relations among red, white and purple-blue flower c...

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Autores principales: Dafni, Amots, Tzohari, Hagai, Ben-Shlomo, Rachel, Vereecken, Nicolas J., Ne’eman, Gidi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7154818/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32210122
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9030397
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author Dafni, Amots
Tzohari, Hagai
Ben-Shlomo, Rachel
Vereecken, Nicolas J.
Ne’eman, Gidi
author_facet Dafni, Amots
Tzohari, Hagai
Ben-Shlomo, Rachel
Vereecken, Nicolas J.
Ne’eman, Gidi
author_sort Dafni, Amots
collection PubMed
description The flower colour of Anemone coronaria (Ranunculaceae) is a genetically inherited trait. Such intra-specific flower colour polymorphism might be driven by pollinators, other non-pollinating agents, or by abiotic factors. We investigated the genetic relations among red, white and purple-blue flower colour morphs growing in 10 populations of A. coronaria in Israel, in relation to their breeding system, pollination modes, differential perception by bees and visitors’ behaviour. Flowers of these three morphs differed in their reflectance that could be perceived by bees. Honeybees, solitary bees and flies demonstrated only partial preferences for the different colour morphs. No spontaneous self-pollination was found; however, fruit set under nets, excluding insects but allowing wind pollination, was not significantly lower than that of natural free pollinated flowers, indicating a potential role of wind pollination. Anemone coronaria flowers were visited by various insects, honeybees and Andrena sp. preferred the white and purple-blue morphs, while the syrphid flies preferred the white flowers. Thus, visitor behaviour can only partially explain the evolution or maintenance of the colour polymorphism. No significant genetic differences were found among the populations or colour morphs. Wind pollination, causing random gene flow, may explain why no significant genetic divergence was found among all studied populations and their colour morphs. The existence of monomorphic red populations, along other polymorphic populations, might be explained by linked resistance to aridity and/or grazing.
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spelling pubmed-71548182020-04-21 Flower Colour Polymorphism, Pollination Modes, Breeding System and Gene Flow in Anemone coronaria Dafni, Amots Tzohari, Hagai Ben-Shlomo, Rachel Vereecken, Nicolas J. Ne’eman, Gidi Plants (Basel) Article The flower colour of Anemone coronaria (Ranunculaceae) is a genetically inherited trait. Such intra-specific flower colour polymorphism might be driven by pollinators, other non-pollinating agents, or by abiotic factors. We investigated the genetic relations among red, white and purple-blue flower colour morphs growing in 10 populations of A. coronaria in Israel, in relation to their breeding system, pollination modes, differential perception by bees and visitors’ behaviour. Flowers of these three morphs differed in their reflectance that could be perceived by bees. Honeybees, solitary bees and flies demonstrated only partial preferences for the different colour morphs. No spontaneous self-pollination was found; however, fruit set under nets, excluding insects but allowing wind pollination, was not significantly lower than that of natural free pollinated flowers, indicating a potential role of wind pollination. Anemone coronaria flowers were visited by various insects, honeybees and Andrena sp. preferred the white and purple-blue morphs, while the syrphid flies preferred the white flowers. Thus, visitor behaviour can only partially explain the evolution or maintenance of the colour polymorphism. No significant genetic differences were found among the populations or colour morphs. Wind pollination, causing random gene flow, may explain why no significant genetic divergence was found among all studied populations and their colour morphs. The existence of monomorphic red populations, along other polymorphic populations, might be explained by linked resistance to aridity and/or grazing. MDPI 2020-03-23 /pmc/articles/PMC7154818/ /pubmed/32210122 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9030397 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Dafni, Amots
Tzohari, Hagai
Ben-Shlomo, Rachel
Vereecken, Nicolas J.
Ne’eman, Gidi
Flower Colour Polymorphism, Pollination Modes, Breeding System and Gene Flow in Anemone coronaria
title Flower Colour Polymorphism, Pollination Modes, Breeding System and Gene Flow in Anemone coronaria
title_full Flower Colour Polymorphism, Pollination Modes, Breeding System and Gene Flow in Anemone coronaria
title_fullStr Flower Colour Polymorphism, Pollination Modes, Breeding System and Gene Flow in Anemone coronaria
title_full_unstemmed Flower Colour Polymorphism, Pollination Modes, Breeding System and Gene Flow in Anemone coronaria
title_short Flower Colour Polymorphism, Pollination Modes, Breeding System and Gene Flow in Anemone coronaria
title_sort flower colour polymorphism, pollination modes, breeding system and gene flow in anemone coronaria
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7154818/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32210122
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9030397
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