Rhodium-catalyzed reductive carbonylation of aryl iodides to arylaldehydes with syngas

The reductive carbonylation of aryl iodides to aryl aldehydes possesses broad application prospects. We present an efficient and facile Rh-based catalytic system composed of the commercially available Rh salt RhCl(3)·3H(2)O, PPh(3) as phosphine ligand, and Et(3)N as the base, for the synthesis of arylaldehydes via the reductive carbonylation of aryl iodides with CO and H(2) under relatively mild conditions with a broad substrate range affording the products in good to excellent yields. Systematic investigations were carried out to study the experimental parameters. We explored the optimal ratio of Rh salt and PPh(3) ligand, substrate scope, carbonyl source and hydrogen source, and the reaction mechanism. Particularly, a scaled-up experiment indicated that the catalytic method could find valuable applications in industrial productions. The low gas pressure, cheap ligand and low metal dosage could significantly improve the practicability in both chemical researches and industrial applications.