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The health effects of ultrafine particles
Ultrafine particles (PM(0.1)), which are present in the air in large numbers, pose a health risk. They generally enter the body through the lungs but translocate to essentially all organs. Compared to fine particles (PM(2.5)), they cause more pulmonary inflammation and are retained longer in the lun...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group UK
2020
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7156741/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32203102 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s12276-020-0403-3 |
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author | Schraufnagel, Dean E. |
author_facet | Schraufnagel, Dean E. |
author_sort | Schraufnagel, Dean E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Ultrafine particles (PM(0.1)), which are present in the air in large numbers, pose a health risk. They generally enter the body through the lungs but translocate to essentially all organs. Compared to fine particles (PM(2.5)), they cause more pulmonary inflammation and are retained longer in the lung. Their toxicity is increased with smaller size, larger surface area, adsorbed surface material, and the physical characteristics of the particles. Exposure to PM(0.1) induces cough and worsens asthma. Metal fume fever is a systemic disease of lung inflammation most likely caused by PM(0.1). The disease is manifested by systemic symptoms hours after exposure to metal fumes, usually through welding. PM(0.1) cause systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and coagulation changes that predispose individuals to ischemic cardiovascular disease and hypertension. PM(0.1) are also linked to diabetes and cancer. PM(0.1) can travel up the olfactory nerves to the brain and cause cerebral and autonomic dysfunction. Moreover, in utero exposure increases the risk of low birthweight. Although exposure is commonly attributed to traffic exhaust, monitored students in Ghana showed the highest exposures in a home near a trash burning site, in a bedroom with burning coils employed to abate mosquitos, in a home of an adult smoker, and in home kitchens during domestic cooking. The high point-source production and rapid redistribution make incidental exposure common, confound general population studies and are compounded by the lack of global standards and national reporting. The potential for PM(0.1) to cause harm to health is great, but their precise role in many illnesses is still unknown and calls for more research. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7156741 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71567412020-04-20 The health effects of ultrafine particles Schraufnagel, Dean E. Exp Mol Med Review Article Ultrafine particles (PM(0.1)), which are present in the air in large numbers, pose a health risk. They generally enter the body through the lungs but translocate to essentially all organs. Compared to fine particles (PM(2.5)), they cause more pulmonary inflammation and are retained longer in the lung. Their toxicity is increased with smaller size, larger surface area, adsorbed surface material, and the physical characteristics of the particles. Exposure to PM(0.1) induces cough and worsens asthma. Metal fume fever is a systemic disease of lung inflammation most likely caused by PM(0.1). The disease is manifested by systemic symptoms hours after exposure to metal fumes, usually through welding. PM(0.1) cause systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and coagulation changes that predispose individuals to ischemic cardiovascular disease and hypertension. PM(0.1) are also linked to diabetes and cancer. PM(0.1) can travel up the olfactory nerves to the brain and cause cerebral and autonomic dysfunction. Moreover, in utero exposure increases the risk of low birthweight. Although exposure is commonly attributed to traffic exhaust, monitored students in Ghana showed the highest exposures in a home near a trash burning site, in a bedroom with burning coils employed to abate mosquitos, in a home of an adult smoker, and in home kitchens during domestic cooking. The high point-source production and rapid redistribution make incidental exposure common, confound general population studies and are compounded by the lack of global standards and national reporting. The potential for PM(0.1) to cause harm to health is great, but their precise role in many illnesses is still unknown and calls for more research. Nature Publishing Group UK 2020-03-17 /pmc/articles/PMC7156741/ /pubmed/32203102 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s12276-020-0403-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Schraufnagel, Dean E. The health effects of ultrafine particles |
title | The health effects of ultrafine particles |
title_full | The health effects of ultrafine particles |
title_fullStr | The health effects of ultrafine particles |
title_full_unstemmed | The health effects of ultrafine particles |
title_short | The health effects of ultrafine particles |
title_sort | health effects of ultrafine particles |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7156741/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32203102 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s12276-020-0403-3 |
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