Application of Heteronuclear NMR Spectroscopy to Bioinorganic and Medicinal Chemistry

The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview on the use of heteronuclear (in particular, metal) NMR spectroscopy to investigate the behavior of metal ions in biological systems, focusing on some key results, and successful applications of NMR spectroscopy involving direct detection of metals. In this regard, although there is growing interest in the applications of solid-state NMR to biological systems, this subject lies outside the scope of this work, which will be therefore limited to NMR studies carried out in solution. Starting from some review papers published in the last few years, we are here covering relevant results in the field, including the most recent findings reported in the literature to date.