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Cerebral HSV-1 Vasculitis as a Fatal Complication of Immunosuppression in Non-Hodgkin´s Lymphoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Patients with lymphoma are predisposed to infection because of the immunocompromised state related to the disease itself and as a consequence of chemo-/radiotherapy. Here, we report a case of Herpes-simplex virus encephalitis (HSE) in an immunosuppressed patient with splenic marginal zone lymphoma (...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Nardone, Raffaele, Carnicelli, Luca, Brigo, Francesco, Pikija, Slaven, Hauer, Larissa, Sellner, Johann
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7157652/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32151046
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9030193
Descripción
Sumario:Patients with lymphoma are predisposed to infection because of the immunocompromised state related to the disease itself and as a consequence of chemo-/radiotherapy. Here, we report a case of Herpes-simplex virus encephalitis (HSE) in an immunosuppressed patient with splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL), a rare indolent variant of non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma (NHL). The course was complicated febrile neutropenia and HSV-1-related cerebral vasculitis causing progressive ischemic stroke. This case illustrates the expanding spectrum of atypical clinical and radiological manifestations of HSE in patients treated with myelotoxic drugs. Moreover, we summarize the few central nervous system manifestations of SMZL reported in the literature and discuss distinct causes of neurological deterioration in patients with NHL.