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Alternative Vaccination Routes against Paratuberculosis Modulate Local Immune Response and Interference with Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Laboratory Animal Models

Paratuberculosis (PTB) is an enteric granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) that mainly affects ruminants. Current vaccines have shown to be cost–effective control reagents, although they are restricted due to cross-interference with bovine tuberculosis (bT...

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Autores principales: Arrazuria, Rakel, Ladero, Iraia, Molina, Elena, Fuertes, Miguel, Juste, Ramón, Fernández, Miguel, Pérez, Valentín, Garrido, Joseba, Elguezabal, Natalia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7157726/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31936741
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7010007
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author Arrazuria, Rakel
Ladero, Iraia
Molina, Elena
Fuertes, Miguel
Juste, Ramón
Fernández, Miguel
Pérez, Valentín
Garrido, Joseba
Elguezabal, Natalia
author_facet Arrazuria, Rakel
Ladero, Iraia
Molina, Elena
Fuertes, Miguel
Juste, Ramón
Fernández, Miguel
Pérez, Valentín
Garrido, Joseba
Elguezabal, Natalia
author_sort Arrazuria, Rakel
collection PubMed
description Paratuberculosis (PTB) is an enteric granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) that mainly affects ruminants. Current vaccines have shown to be cost–effective control reagents, although they are restricted due to cross-interference with bovine tuberculosis (bTB). Therefore, novel vaccination strategies are needed and this study is focused on evaluating alternative vaccination routes and their effect on the local immune response. The MAP oral challenge rabbit model was used to evaluate and compare an experimental inactivated MAP vaccine through oral (VOR) and intradermal (VID) routes. The VID group presented the highest proportion of animals with no visible lesions and the lowest proportion of animals with MAP positive tissues. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that the VID group presented a dominantly M1 polarized response indicating an ability to control MAP infection. In general, all vaccinated groups showed lower calprotectin levels compared to the non-vaccinated challenged group suggesting less active granulomatous lesions. The VID group showed some degree of skin test reactivity, whereas the same vaccine through oral administration was completely negative. These data show that PTB vaccination has an effect on macrophage polarization and that the route influences infection outcome and can also have an impact on bTB diagnosis. Future evaluation of new immunological products against mycobacterial diseases should consider assaying different vaccination routes.
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spelling pubmed-71577262020-04-21 Alternative Vaccination Routes against Paratuberculosis Modulate Local Immune Response and Interference with Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Laboratory Animal Models Arrazuria, Rakel Ladero, Iraia Molina, Elena Fuertes, Miguel Juste, Ramón Fernández, Miguel Pérez, Valentín Garrido, Joseba Elguezabal, Natalia Vet Sci Article Paratuberculosis (PTB) is an enteric granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) that mainly affects ruminants. Current vaccines have shown to be cost–effective control reagents, although they are restricted due to cross-interference with bovine tuberculosis (bTB). Therefore, novel vaccination strategies are needed and this study is focused on evaluating alternative vaccination routes and their effect on the local immune response. The MAP oral challenge rabbit model was used to evaluate and compare an experimental inactivated MAP vaccine through oral (VOR) and intradermal (VID) routes. The VID group presented the highest proportion of animals with no visible lesions and the lowest proportion of animals with MAP positive tissues. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that the VID group presented a dominantly M1 polarized response indicating an ability to control MAP infection. In general, all vaccinated groups showed lower calprotectin levels compared to the non-vaccinated challenged group suggesting less active granulomatous lesions. The VID group showed some degree of skin test reactivity, whereas the same vaccine through oral administration was completely negative. These data show that PTB vaccination has an effect on macrophage polarization and that the route influences infection outcome and can also have an impact on bTB diagnosis. Future evaluation of new immunological products against mycobacterial diseases should consider assaying different vaccination routes. MDPI 2020-01-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7157726/ /pubmed/31936741 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7010007 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Arrazuria, Rakel
Ladero, Iraia
Molina, Elena
Fuertes, Miguel
Juste, Ramón
Fernández, Miguel
Pérez, Valentín
Garrido, Joseba
Elguezabal, Natalia
Alternative Vaccination Routes against Paratuberculosis Modulate Local Immune Response and Interference with Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Laboratory Animal Models
title Alternative Vaccination Routes against Paratuberculosis Modulate Local Immune Response and Interference with Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Laboratory Animal Models
title_full Alternative Vaccination Routes against Paratuberculosis Modulate Local Immune Response and Interference with Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Laboratory Animal Models
title_fullStr Alternative Vaccination Routes against Paratuberculosis Modulate Local Immune Response and Interference with Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Laboratory Animal Models
title_full_unstemmed Alternative Vaccination Routes against Paratuberculosis Modulate Local Immune Response and Interference with Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Laboratory Animal Models
title_short Alternative Vaccination Routes against Paratuberculosis Modulate Local Immune Response and Interference with Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Laboratory Animal Models
title_sort alternative vaccination routes against paratuberculosis modulate local immune response and interference with tuberculosis diagnosis in laboratory animal models
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7157726/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31936741
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7010007
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