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Prevalence of myopia and associated risk factors among primary students in Chongqing: multilevel modeling
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of myopia and associated risk factors among children in Chongqing has not yet been determined. This study investigated the prevalence of myopia and possible relationships between myopia and several related factors among school children in Chongqing. METHODS: This cross-sec...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7161106/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32295555 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12886-020-01410-3 |
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author | Xie, Zhihao Long, Yue Wang, Jingxuan Li, Qiaoqiao Zhang, Qiang |
author_facet | Xie, Zhihao Long, Yue Wang, Jingxuan Li, Qiaoqiao Zhang, Qiang |
author_sort | Xie, Zhihao |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The prevalence of myopia and associated risk factors among children in Chongqing has not yet been determined. This study investigated the prevalence of myopia and possible relationships between myopia and several related factors among school children in Chongqing. METHODS: This cross-sectional study assessed a sample of 997 children (7–13 years of age) attending primary school in Chongqing. Data were obtained from visual acuity and refractive error measurements and a structured questionnaire. Myopia was defined as visual acuity < 5.0 and refractive error (spherical equivalent) of < − 0.50 diopters (D) in either eye. Multilevel modeling was applied to investigate potential risk factors. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of myopia was 33.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 31.0–36.8]; myopia prevalence significantly increased with age. Girls were at a higher risk of myopia than boys [odds ratio (OR) = 1.449, 95% CI = 1.060–1.979]. Children with paternal myopia (OR = 2.130, 95% CI = 1.376–3.297) or maternal myopia (OR = 1.861, 95% CI =1.153–3.002) had a higher risk of myopia than those without myopic parents. Children who spent more than 1 h daily outdoors were less likely to have myopia; meanwhile, children who did homework more than 3 h daily (OR = 2.237, 95% CI = 1.041–4.804), watched television more than 3 h daily (OR = 2.106, 95% CI = 1.200–3.697), or played electronics more than 1 h daily (OR = 2.983, 95% CI = 2.088–4.262) had a higher risk of myopia. CONCLUSIONS: Myopia in school children is a serious public health problem in Chongqing. Myopia was significantly positively associated with higher age, female sex, parental myopia, and spending a long time indoors; notably, playing with electronics had the greatest influence on the risk of myopia. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7161106 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71611062020-04-22 Prevalence of myopia and associated risk factors among primary students in Chongqing: multilevel modeling Xie, Zhihao Long, Yue Wang, Jingxuan Li, Qiaoqiao Zhang, Qiang BMC Ophthalmol Research Article BACKGROUND: The prevalence of myopia and associated risk factors among children in Chongqing has not yet been determined. This study investigated the prevalence of myopia and possible relationships between myopia and several related factors among school children in Chongqing. METHODS: This cross-sectional study assessed a sample of 997 children (7–13 years of age) attending primary school in Chongqing. Data were obtained from visual acuity and refractive error measurements and a structured questionnaire. Myopia was defined as visual acuity < 5.0 and refractive error (spherical equivalent) of < − 0.50 diopters (D) in either eye. Multilevel modeling was applied to investigate potential risk factors. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of myopia was 33.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 31.0–36.8]; myopia prevalence significantly increased with age. Girls were at a higher risk of myopia than boys [odds ratio (OR) = 1.449, 95% CI = 1.060–1.979]. Children with paternal myopia (OR = 2.130, 95% CI = 1.376–3.297) or maternal myopia (OR = 1.861, 95% CI =1.153–3.002) had a higher risk of myopia than those without myopic parents. Children who spent more than 1 h daily outdoors were less likely to have myopia; meanwhile, children who did homework more than 3 h daily (OR = 2.237, 95% CI = 1.041–4.804), watched television more than 3 h daily (OR = 2.106, 95% CI = 1.200–3.697), or played electronics more than 1 h daily (OR = 2.983, 95% CI = 2.088–4.262) had a higher risk of myopia. CONCLUSIONS: Myopia in school children is a serious public health problem in Chongqing. Myopia was significantly positively associated with higher age, female sex, parental myopia, and spending a long time indoors; notably, playing with electronics had the greatest influence on the risk of myopia. BioMed Central 2020-04-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7161106/ /pubmed/32295555 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12886-020-01410-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Xie, Zhihao Long, Yue Wang, Jingxuan Li, Qiaoqiao Zhang, Qiang Prevalence of myopia and associated risk factors among primary students in Chongqing: multilevel modeling |
title | Prevalence of myopia and associated risk factors among primary students in Chongqing: multilevel modeling |
title_full | Prevalence of myopia and associated risk factors among primary students in Chongqing: multilevel modeling |
title_fullStr | Prevalence of myopia and associated risk factors among primary students in Chongqing: multilevel modeling |
title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of myopia and associated risk factors among primary students in Chongqing: multilevel modeling |
title_short | Prevalence of myopia and associated risk factors among primary students in Chongqing: multilevel modeling |
title_sort | prevalence of myopia and associated risk factors among primary students in chongqing: multilevel modeling |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7161106/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32295555 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12886-020-01410-3 |
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