Double Trouble: The Burden of Child-rearing and Working on Maternal Mortality

We document increased old-age mortality rates among Swedish mothers of twins compared with mothers of singletons, using administrative data on mortality for 1990–2010. We argue that twins are an unplanned shock to fertility in the cohorts of older women considered. Deaths due to lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and heart attacks—all of which are associated with stress during the life course—are significantly increased. Stratifying the sample by education and pension income shows the highest increase in mortality rates among highly educated mothers and those with above-median pension income. These results are consistent with the existence of a double burden on mothers’ health resulting from simultaneously child-rearing and working. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s13524-020-00868-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.