Data on monthly physicochemical variation of Tropical Island groundwater of Pulau Bidong, South China Sea

The groundwater samples of Pulau Bidong, Terengganu, Malaysia were collected from five sampling stations from June to October 2016. Physical parameters such as temperature, specific conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, salinity, and DO saturation were measured in-situ by using handheld device. Meanwhile, total suspended solid (TSS), total dissolved solid (TDS), nitrate (NO(3)(−)), nitrite (NO(2)(−)), ammonium (NH(4)(+)) and phosphate (PO(4)(3−)) were analysed and detected using UV–Vis Spectrophotometer. The inorganic nutrients (NO(3)(−), NO(2)(−), NH(4)(+) and PO(4)(3−)) were ranged from 0.000 to 4.310 mg/L, 0.000 to 0.190 mg/L, 0.000 to 0.807 mg/L and 0.003 to 0.028 mg/L, respectively. The monthly trends of specific conductivity, DO, salinity, DO saturation, NO(3)(−), NO(2)(−) and NH(4)(+) demonstrated significant variation in June (the lowest rainfall) compared to other months. Correlation matrix revealed that temperature was associated with the specific conductivity, and NH(4)(+) strongly correlated with DO, NO(3)(−) and NO(2)(−). Nevertheless, there is a strong negative correlation between physicochemical parameters and monthly rainfall distribution. Notably, future studies are required for long-term monitoring to ensure the good quality of groundwater from Pulau Bidong. The spatial and temporal variability of the present data has been reported by Tan et al. [1].