Misdiagnosis of multiple synchronous small bowel adenocarcinomas as intestinal tuberculosis: a case report

BACKGROUND: Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is a rare malignancy that primarily occurs in the duodenum. Multiple synchronous SBA is unique rare and difficult to diagnose due to non-specific disease presentation. Protocols to identify multiple synchronous SBA during early disease stages are urgently required. CASE PRESENTATION: An elderly man experienced left lower abdominal pain and melena for 3 months. Abdominal CT showed thickening of the multiple segmental small intestinal walls. As the patient had pulmonary tuberculosis simultaneously, he was misdiagnosis as intestinal tuberculosis and received anti-spasm therapy. The treatment delayed radical resection surgery and the patient underwent palliative segmental resection of the jejunum after 4 months due to intestinal obstruction. Resected specimens showed multiple synchronous SBA (five tumors). The patient accepted chemotherapy postoperatively. Six months postoperatively, the patient died of brain metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: We highlight how multiple synchronous SBA is rare and easily misdiagnosed. We should rule out multiple synchronous SBA when diagnosing intestinal diseases (e.g. inflammatory bowel disease, IBS). Intestinal tuberculosis may also be one of the risk factors for multiple synchronous SBA. High-risk patients should be assessed for known tumor makers, and receive gastroscopy, enteroscopy or capsule endoscopy. Doctors should obtain the pathology under endoscopy to the greatest possible degree. For suspected patients, laparotomy should be performed.