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Host-parasite interactions in non-native invasive species are dependent on the levels of standing genetic variation at the immune locus

BACKGROUND: Parasites may mediate the success of biological invasions through their effect on host fitness and thus, on host population growth and stability. However, a release from the pressure of parasites is strongly related to the genetic differentiation of the host. In invasive host populations...

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Autores principales: Biedrzycka, Aleksandra, Popiołek, Marcin, Zalewski, Andrzej
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7164242/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32299345
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-020-01610-x
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author Biedrzycka, Aleksandra
Popiołek, Marcin
Zalewski, Andrzej
author_facet Biedrzycka, Aleksandra
Popiołek, Marcin
Zalewski, Andrzej
author_sort Biedrzycka, Aleksandra
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Parasites may mediate the success of biological invasions through their effect on host fitness and thus, on host population growth and stability. However, a release from the pressure of parasites is strongly related to the genetic differentiation of the host. In invasive host populations, the number of available genetic variants, allowing them to ‘fight’ the infection, are likely to be influenced by founder events and genetic drift. The level standing genetic variation of invasive populations may be crucial in successfully adapting to new environments and resisting diseases. We studied invasive populations of raccoon that experienced a random reduction in genetic diversity during the establishment and evaluated the relationship between host immune genetic diversity and intestinal parasites infection. RESULTS: We distinguished two different genetic clusters that are characterized by different sets of functionally relevant MHC-DRB alleles. Both clusters were characterized by considerably different allele-parasite associations and different levels of parasite infection. The specific resistance MHC-DRB alleles explained the lower prevalence of Digenea parasites. An increased infection intensity was related to the presence of two MHC-DRB alleles. One of these alleles significantly decreased in frequency over time, causing a decrease of Digenea abundance in raccoons in consecutive years. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that intestinal parasites can exert selective pressure on an invasive host with lowered levels of immune genetic diversity and contribute to promoting local adaptation over time. The random genetic drift that created the two different genetic clusters in the invasive raccoon range imposed completely different MHC-parasite associations, strongly associated with the infection status of populations. Our findings underline the role of standing genetic variation in shaping host-parasite relationships and provide empirical support that functional genetic variation may be, at least partly, responsible for differences in the success of invasive populations.
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spelling pubmed-71642422020-04-22 Host-parasite interactions in non-native invasive species are dependent on the levels of standing genetic variation at the immune locus Biedrzycka, Aleksandra Popiołek, Marcin Zalewski, Andrzej BMC Evol Biol Research Article BACKGROUND: Parasites may mediate the success of biological invasions through their effect on host fitness and thus, on host population growth and stability. However, a release from the pressure of parasites is strongly related to the genetic differentiation of the host. In invasive host populations, the number of available genetic variants, allowing them to ‘fight’ the infection, are likely to be influenced by founder events and genetic drift. The level standing genetic variation of invasive populations may be crucial in successfully adapting to new environments and resisting diseases. We studied invasive populations of raccoon that experienced a random reduction in genetic diversity during the establishment and evaluated the relationship between host immune genetic diversity and intestinal parasites infection. RESULTS: We distinguished two different genetic clusters that are characterized by different sets of functionally relevant MHC-DRB alleles. Both clusters were characterized by considerably different allele-parasite associations and different levels of parasite infection. The specific resistance MHC-DRB alleles explained the lower prevalence of Digenea parasites. An increased infection intensity was related to the presence of two MHC-DRB alleles. One of these alleles significantly decreased in frequency over time, causing a decrease of Digenea abundance in raccoons in consecutive years. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that intestinal parasites can exert selective pressure on an invasive host with lowered levels of immune genetic diversity and contribute to promoting local adaptation over time. The random genetic drift that created the two different genetic clusters in the invasive raccoon range imposed completely different MHC-parasite associations, strongly associated with the infection status of populations. Our findings underline the role of standing genetic variation in shaping host-parasite relationships and provide empirical support that functional genetic variation may be, at least partly, responsible for differences in the success of invasive populations. BioMed Central 2020-04-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7164242/ /pubmed/32299345 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-020-01610-x Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research Article
Biedrzycka, Aleksandra
Popiołek, Marcin
Zalewski, Andrzej
Host-parasite interactions in non-native invasive species are dependent on the levels of standing genetic variation at the immune locus
title Host-parasite interactions in non-native invasive species are dependent on the levels of standing genetic variation at the immune locus
title_full Host-parasite interactions in non-native invasive species are dependent on the levels of standing genetic variation at the immune locus
title_fullStr Host-parasite interactions in non-native invasive species are dependent on the levels of standing genetic variation at the immune locus
title_full_unstemmed Host-parasite interactions in non-native invasive species are dependent on the levels of standing genetic variation at the immune locus
title_short Host-parasite interactions in non-native invasive species are dependent on the levels of standing genetic variation at the immune locus
title_sort host-parasite interactions in non-native invasive species are dependent on the levels of standing genetic variation at the immune locus
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7164242/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32299345
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-020-01610-x
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