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Microplastics in seawater: sampling strategies, laboratory methodologies, and identification techniques applied to port environment
The European Interreg Italy–France 2014–2020 Maritime Project SPlasH! (Stop to Plastics in H(2)O!) focused on the study of microplastics (MPs) in the marine port environment to evaluate their presence, abundance, and mechanisms of diffusion to the open sea. In the framework of this project, a worldw...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7165152/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32026372 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07783-8 |
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author | Cutroneo, Laura Reboa, Anna Besio, Giovanni Borgogno, Franco Canesi, Laura Canuto, Susanna Dara, Manuela Enrile, Francesco Forioso, Iskender Greco, Giuseppe Lenoble, Véronique Malatesta, Arianna Mounier, Stéphane Petrillo, Mario Rovetta, Ruben Stocchino, Alessandro Tesan, Javier Vagge, Greta Capello, Marco |
author_facet | Cutroneo, Laura Reboa, Anna Besio, Giovanni Borgogno, Franco Canesi, Laura Canuto, Susanna Dara, Manuela Enrile, Francesco Forioso, Iskender Greco, Giuseppe Lenoble, Véronique Malatesta, Arianna Mounier, Stéphane Petrillo, Mario Rovetta, Ruben Stocchino, Alessandro Tesan, Javier Vagge, Greta Capello, Marco |
author_sort | Cutroneo, Laura |
collection | PubMed |
description | The European Interreg Italy–France 2014–2020 Maritime Project SPlasH! (Stop to Plastics in H(2)O!) focused on the study of microplastics (MPs) in the marine port environment to evaluate their presence, abundance, and mechanisms of diffusion to the open sea. In the framework of this project, a worldwide review of 74 studies was carried out, providing an overview of MP investigation techniques, focusing on sampling strategies, laboratory methodologies, and identification of MPs collected in seawater, and specifically evaluating their applicability to the marine port environment. Nets were the most commonly used device for MP surface sampling, but their use can be difficult in narrow spaces within the port basins, and they must be coupled to discrete sampling devices to cover all port basins. In the laboratory, density separation (NaCl, ZnCl(2), NaI, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)), filtration (polycarbonate, polyamide, glass, cellulose, ANOPORE inorganic membrane filters), sieving, visual sorting, and digestion methods (acidic, enzymatic, alkaline, oxidative) were used to separate MPs from seawater. Digestion becomes essential with water samples with great inorganic and organic loads as deriving from a port. Although many studies are based only on visual MP identification under a microscope, analytical identification techniques unequivocally determine the particle nature and the identity of the plastic polymers and are necessary to validate the visual sorting of MPs. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is the most used analytical identification technique. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11356-020-07783-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7165152 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71651522020-04-27 Microplastics in seawater: sampling strategies, laboratory methodologies, and identification techniques applied to port environment Cutroneo, Laura Reboa, Anna Besio, Giovanni Borgogno, Franco Canesi, Laura Canuto, Susanna Dara, Manuela Enrile, Francesco Forioso, Iskender Greco, Giuseppe Lenoble, Véronique Malatesta, Arianna Mounier, Stéphane Petrillo, Mario Rovetta, Ruben Stocchino, Alessandro Tesan, Javier Vagge, Greta Capello, Marco Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Review Article The European Interreg Italy–France 2014–2020 Maritime Project SPlasH! (Stop to Plastics in H(2)O!) focused on the study of microplastics (MPs) in the marine port environment to evaluate their presence, abundance, and mechanisms of diffusion to the open sea. In the framework of this project, a worldwide review of 74 studies was carried out, providing an overview of MP investigation techniques, focusing on sampling strategies, laboratory methodologies, and identification of MPs collected in seawater, and specifically evaluating their applicability to the marine port environment. Nets were the most commonly used device for MP surface sampling, but their use can be difficult in narrow spaces within the port basins, and they must be coupled to discrete sampling devices to cover all port basins. In the laboratory, density separation (NaCl, ZnCl(2), NaI, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)), filtration (polycarbonate, polyamide, glass, cellulose, ANOPORE inorganic membrane filters), sieving, visual sorting, and digestion methods (acidic, enzymatic, alkaline, oxidative) were used to separate MPs from seawater. Digestion becomes essential with water samples with great inorganic and organic loads as deriving from a port. Although many studies are based only on visual MP identification under a microscope, analytical identification techniques unequivocally determine the particle nature and the identity of the plastic polymers and are necessary to validate the visual sorting of MPs. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is the most used analytical identification technique. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11356-020-07783-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2020-02-06 2020 /pmc/articles/PMC7165152/ /pubmed/32026372 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07783-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Cutroneo, Laura Reboa, Anna Besio, Giovanni Borgogno, Franco Canesi, Laura Canuto, Susanna Dara, Manuela Enrile, Francesco Forioso, Iskender Greco, Giuseppe Lenoble, Véronique Malatesta, Arianna Mounier, Stéphane Petrillo, Mario Rovetta, Ruben Stocchino, Alessandro Tesan, Javier Vagge, Greta Capello, Marco Microplastics in seawater: sampling strategies, laboratory methodologies, and identification techniques applied to port environment |
title | Microplastics in seawater: sampling strategies, laboratory methodologies, and identification techniques applied to port environment |
title_full | Microplastics in seawater: sampling strategies, laboratory methodologies, and identification techniques applied to port environment |
title_fullStr | Microplastics in seawater: sampling strategies, laboratory methodologies, and identification techniques applied to port environment |
title_full_unstemmed | Microplastics in seawater: sampling strategies, laboratory methodologies, and identification techniques applied to port environment |
title_short | Microplastics in seawater: sampling strategies, laboratory methodologies, and identification techniques applied to port environment |
title_sort | microplastics in seawater: sampling strategies, laboratory methodologies, and identification techniques applied to port environment |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7165152/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32026372 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07783-8 |
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