Cargando…
Arabidopsis Chloroplast protein for Growth and Fertility1 (CGF1) and CGF2 are essential for chloroplast development and female gametogenesis
BACKGROUND: Chloroplasts are essential organelles of plant cells for not only being the energy factory but also making plant cells adaptable to different environmental stimuli. The nuclear genome encodes most of the chloroplast proteins, among which a large percentage of membrane proteins have yet t...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2020
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7168881/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32306898 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-020-02393-5 |
_version_ | 1783523733758017536 |
---|---|
author | Zhu, Rui-Min Chai, Sen Zhang, Zhuang-Zhuang Ma, Chang-Le Zhang, Yan Li, Sha |
author_facet | Zhu, Rui-Min Chai, Sen Zhang, Zhuang-Zhuang Ma, Chang-Le Zhang, Yan Li, Sha |
author_sort | Zhu, Rui-Min |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Chloroplasts are essential organelles of plant cells for not only being the energy factory but also making plant cells adaptable to different environmental stimuli. The nuclear genome encodes most of the chloroplast proteins, among which a large percentage of membrane proteins have yet to be functionally characterized. RESULTS: We report here functional characterization of two nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins, Chloroplast protein for Growth and Fertility (CGF1) and CGF2. CGF1 and CGF2 are expressed in diverse tissues and developmental stages. Proteins they encode are associated with chloroplasts through a N-terminal chloroplast-targeting signal in green tissues but also located at plastids in roots and seeds. Mutants of CGF1 and CGF2 generated by CRISPR/Cas9 exhibited vegetative defects, including reduced leaf size, dwarfism, and abnormal cell death. CGF1 and CGF2 redundantly mediate female gametogenesis, likely by securing local energy supply. Indeed, mutations of both genes impaired chloroplast integrity whereas exogenous sucrose rescued the growth defects of the CGF double mutant. CONCLUSION: This study reports that two nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins, Chloroplast protein for Growth and Fertility (CGF1) and CGF2, play important roles in vegetative growth, in female gametogenesis, and in embryogenesis likely by mediating chloroplast integrity and development. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7168881 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71688812020-04-23 Arabidopsis Chloroplast protein for Growth and Fertility1 (CGF1) and CGF2 are essential for chloroplast development and female gametogenesis Zhu, Rui-Min Chai, Sen Zhang, Zhuang-Zhuang Ma, Chang-Le Zhang, Yan Li, Sha BMC Plant Biol Research Article BACKGROUND: Chloroplasts are essential organelles of plant cells for not only being the energy factory but also making plant cells adaptable to different environmental stimuli. The nuclear genome encodes most of the chloroplast proteins, among which a large percentage of membrane proteins have yet to be functionally characterized. RESULTS: We report here functional characterization of two nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins, Chloroplast protein for Growth and Fertility (CGF1) and CGF2. CGF1 and CGF2 are expressed in diverse tissues and developmental stages. Proteins they encode are associated with chloroplasts through a N-terminal chloroplast-targeting signal in green tissues but also located at plastids in roots and seeds. Mutants of CGF1 and CGF2 generated by CRISPR/Cas9 exhibited vegetative defects, including reduced leaf size, dwarfism, and abnormal cell death. CGF1 and CGF2 redundantly mediate female gametogenesis, likely by securing local energy supply. Indeed, mutations of both genes impaired chloroplast integrity whereas exogenous sucrose rescued the growth defects of the CGF double mutant. CONCLUSION: This study reports that two nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins, Chloroplast protein for Growth and Fertility (CGF1) and CGF2, play important roles in vegetative growth, in female gametogenesis, and in embryogenesis likely by mediating chloroplast integrity and development. BioMed Central 2020-04-19 /pmc/articles/PMC7168881/ /pubmed/32306898 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-020-02393-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Zhu, Rui-Min Chai, Sen Zhang, Zhuang-Zhuang Ma, Chang-Le Zhang, Yan Li, Sha Arabidopsis Chloroplast protein for Growth and Fertility1 (CGF1) and CGF2 are essential for chloroplast development and female gametogenesis |
title | Arabidopsis Chloroplast protein for Growth and Fertility1 (CGF1) and CGF2 are essential for chloroplast development and female gametogenesis |
title_full | Arabidopsis Chloroplast protein for Growth and Fertility1 (CGF1) and CGF2 are essential for chloroplast development and female gametogenesis |
title_fullStr | Arabidopsis Chloroplast protein for Growth and Fertility1 (CGF1) and CGF2 are essential for chloroplast development and female gametogenesis |
title_full_unstemmed | Arabidopsis Chloroplast protein for Growth and Fertility1 (CGF1) and CGF2 are essential for chloroplast development and female gametogenesis |
title_short | Arabidopsis Chloroplast protein for Growth and Fertility1 (CGF1) and CGF2 are essential for chloroplast development and female gametogenesis |
title_sort | arabidopsis chloroplast protein for growth and fertility1 (cgf1) and cgf2 are essential for chloroplast development and female gametogenesis |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7168881/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32306898 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-020-02393-5 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT zhuruimin arabidopsischloroplastproteinforgrowthandfertility1cgf1andcgf2areessentialforchloroplastdevelopmentandfemalegametogenesis AT chaisen arabidopsischloroplastproteinforgrowthandfertility1cgf1andcgf2areessentialforchloroplastdevelopmentandfemalegametogenesis AT zhangzhuangzhuang arabidopsischloroplastproteinforgrowthandfertility1cgf1andcgf2areessentialforchloroplastdevelopmentandfemalegametogenesis AT machangle arabidopsischloroplastproteinforgrowthandfertility1cgf1andcgf2areessentialforchloroplastdevelopmentandfemalegametogenesis AT zhangyan arabidopsischloroplastproteinforgrowthandfertility1cgf1andcgf2areessentialforchloroplastdevelopmentandfemalegametogenesis AT lisha arabidopsischloroplastproteinforgrowthandfertility1cgf1andcgf2areessentialforchloroplastdevelopmentandfemalegametogenesis |