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Mechanisms and Drivers for the Establishment of Life Cycle Complexity in Myxozoan Parasites

It is assumed that complex life cycles in cnidarian parasites belonging to the Myxozoa result from incorporation of vertebrates into simple life cycles exploiting aquatic invertebrates. However, nothing is known about the driving forces and implementation of this event, though it fostered massive di...

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Autores principales: Lisnerová, Martina, Fiala, Ivan, Cantatore, Delfina, Irigoitia, Manuel, Timi, Juan, Pecková, Hana, Bartošová-Sojková, Pavla, Sandoval, Christian M., Luer, Carl, Morris, Jack, Holzer, Astrid S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7168919/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31906274
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9010010
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author Lisnerová, Martina
Fiala, Ivan
Cantatore, Delfina
Irigoitia, Manuel
Timi, Juan
Pecková, Hana
Bartošová-Sojková, Pavla
Sandoval, Christian M.
Luer, Carl
Morris, Jack
Holzer, Astrid S.
author_facet Lisnerová, Martina
Fiala, Ivan
Cantatore, Delfina
Irigoitia, Manuel
Timi, Juan
Pecková, Hana
Bartošová-Sojková, Pavla
Sandoval, Christian M.
Luer, Carl
Morris, Jack
Holzer, Astrid S.
author_sort Lisnerová, Martina
collection PubMed
description It is assumed that complex life cycles in cnidarian parasites belonging to the Myxozoa result from incorporation of vertebrates into simple life cycles exploiting aquatic invertebrates. However, nothing is known about the driving forces and implementation of this event, though it fostered massive diversification. We performed a comprehensive search for myxozoans in evolutionary ancient fishes (Chondrichthyes), and more than doubled existing 18S rDNA sequence data, discovering seven independent phylogenetic lineages. We performed cophylogenetic and character mapping methods in the largest monophyletic dataset and demonstrate that host and parasite phylogenies are strongly correlated, and that tectonic changes may explain phylogeographic clustering in recent skates and softnose skates, in the Atlantic. The most basal lineages of myxozoans inhabit the bile of chondrichthyans, an immunologically privileged site and protective niche, easily accessible from the gut via the bile duct. We hypothesize that feed-integration is a likely mechanism of host acquisition, an idea supported by feeding habits of chimaeras and ancient sharks and by multiple entries of different parasite lineages from invertebrates into the new host group. We provide exciting first insights into the early evolutionary history of ancient metazoan parasites in a host group that embodies more evolutionary distinctiveness than most other vertebrates.
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spelling pubmed-71689192020-04-20 Mechanisms and Drivers for the Establishment of Life Cycle Complexity in Myxozoan Parasites Lisnerová, Martina Fiala, Ivan Cantatore, Delfina Irigoitia, Manuel Timi, Juan Pecková, Hana Bartošová-Sojková, Pavla Sandoval, Christian M. Luer, Carl Morris, Jack Holzer, Astrid S. Biology (Basel) Article It is assumed that complex life cycles in cnidarian parasites belonging to the Myxozoa result from incorporation of vertebrates into simple life cycles exploiting aquatic invertebrates. However, nothing is known about the driving forces and implementation of this event, though it fostered massive diversification. We performed a comprehensive search for myxozoans in evolutionary ancient fishes (Chondrichthyes), and more than doubled existing 18S rDNA sequence data, discovering seven independent phylogenetic lineages. We performed cophylogenetic and character mapping methods in the largest monophyletic dataset and demonstrate that host and parasite phylogenies are strongly correlated, and that tectonic changes may explain phylogeographic clustering in recent skates and softnose skates, in the Atlantic. The most basal lineages of myxozoans inhabit the bile of chondrichthyans, an immunologically privileged site and protective niche, easily accessible from the gut via the bile duct. We hypothesize that feed-integration is a likely mechanism of host acquisition, an idea supported by feeding habits of chimaeras and ancient sharks and by multiple entries of different parasite lineages from invertebrates into the new host group. We provide exciting first insights into the early evolutionary history of ancient metazoan parasites in a host group that embodies more evolutionary distinctiveness than most other vertebrates. MDPI 2020-01-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7168919/ /pubmed/31906274 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9010010 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Lisnerová, Martina
Fiala, Ivan
Cantatore, Delfina
Irigoitia, Manuel
Timi, Juan
Pecková, Hana
Bartošová-Sojková, Pavla
Sandoval, Christian M.
Luer, Carl
Morris, Jack
Holzer, Astrid S.
Mechanisms and Drivers for the Establishment of Life Cycle Complexity in Myxozoan Parasites
title Mechanisms and Drivers for the Establishment of Life Cycle Complexity in Myxozoan Parasites
title_full Mechanisms and Drivers for the Establishment of Life Cycle Complexity in Myxozoan Parasites
title_fullStr Mechanisms and Drivers for the Establishment of Life Cycle Complexity in Myxozoan Parasites
title_full_unstemmed Mechanisms and Drivers for the Establishment of Life Cycle Complexity in Myxozoan Parasites
title_short Mechanisms and Drivers for the Establishment of Life Cycle Complexity in Myxozoan Parasites
title_sort mechanisms and drivers for the establishment of life cycle complexity in myxozoan parasites
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7168919/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31906274
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9010010
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