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Digital Microfluidic Platform to Maximize Diagnostic Tests with Low Sample Volumes from Newborns and Pediatric Patients
“Children are not tiny adults” is an adage commonly used in pediatrics to emphasize the fact that children often have different physiological responses to sickness and trauma compared to adults. However, despite widespread acceptance of this concept, diagnostic blood testing is an excellent example...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7169462/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31906315 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10010021 |
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author | Sista, Rama S. Ng, Rainer Nuffer, Miriam Basmajian, Michael Coyne, Jacob Elderbroom, Jennifer Hull, Daniel Kay, Kathryn Krishnamurthy, Maithri Roberts, Christopher Wu, Daniel Kennedy, Adam D. Singh, Rajendra Srinivasan, Vijay Pamula, Vamsee K. |
author_facet | Sista, Rama S. Ng, Rainer Nuffer, Miriam Basmajian, Michael Coyne, Jacob Elderbroom, Jennifer Hull, Daniel Kay, Kathryn Krishnamurthy, Maithri Roberts, Christopher Wu, Daniel Kennedy, Adam D. Singh, Rajendra Srinivasan, Vijay Pamula, Vamsee K. |
author_sort | Sista, Rama S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | “Children are not tiny adults” is an adage commonly used in pediatrics to emphasize the fact that children often have different physiological responses to sickness and trauma compared to adults. However, despite widespread acceptance of this concept, diagnostic blood testing is an excellent example of clinical care that is not yet customized to the needs of children, especially newborns. Cumulative blood loss resulting from clinical testing does not typically impact critically ill adult patients, but can quickly escalate in children, leading to iatrogenic anemia and related comorbidities. Moreover, the tests prioritized for rapid, near-patient testing in adults are not always the most clinically relevant tests for children or newborns. This report describes the development of a digital microfluidic testing platform and associated clinical assays purposely curated to address current shortcomings in pediatric laboratory testing by using microliter volumes (<50 µL) of samples. The automated platform consists of a small instrument and single-use cartridges, which contain all reagents necessary to prepare the sample and perform the assay. Electrowetting technology is used to precisely manipulate nanoliter-sized droplets of samples and reagents inside the cartridge. To date, we have automated three disparate types of assays (biochemical assays, immunoassays, and molecular assays) on the platform and have developed over two dozen unique tests, each with important clinical application to newborns and pediatric patients. Cell lysis, plasma preparation, magnetic bead washing, thermocycling, incubation, and many other essential functions were all performed on the cartridge without any user intervention. The resulting assays demonstrate performance comparable to standard clinical laboratory assays and are economical due to the reduced hands-on effort required for each assay and lower overall reagent consumption. These capabilities allow a wide range of assays to be run simultaneously on the same cartridge using significantly reduced sample volumes with results in minutes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7169462 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71694622020-04-22 Digital Microfluidic Platform to Maximize Diagnostic Tests with Low Sample Volumes from Newborns and Pediatric Patients Sista, Rama S. Ng, Rainer Nuffer, Miriam Basmajian, Michael Coyne, Jacob Elderbroom, Jennifer Hull, Daniel Kay, Kathryn Krishnamurthy, Maithri Roberts, Christopher Wu, Daniel Kennedy, Adam D. Singh, Rajendra Srinivasan, Vijay Pamula, Vamsee K. Diagnostics (Basel) Article “Children are not tiny adults” is an adage commonly used in pediatrics to emphasize the fact that children often have different physiological responses to sickness and trauma compared to adults. However, despite widespread acceptance of this concept, diagnostic blood testing is an excellent example of clinical care that is not yet customized to the needs of children, especially newborns. Cumulative blood loss resulting from clinical testing does not typically impact critically ill adult patients, but can quickly escalate in children, leading to iatrogenic anemia and related comorbidities. Moreover, the tests prioritized for rapid, near-patient testing in adults are not always the most clinically relevant tests for children or newborns. This report describes the development of a digital microfluidic testing platform and associated clinical assays purposely curated to address current shortcomings in pediatric laboratory testing by using microliter volumes (<50 µL) of samples. The automated platform consists of a small instrument and single-use cartridges, which contain all reagents necessary to prepare the sample and perform the assay. Electrowetting technology is used to precisely manipulate nanoliter-sized droplets of samples and reagents inside the cartridge. To date, we have automated three disparate types of assays (biochemical assays, immunoassays, and molecular assays) on the platform and have developed over two dozen unique tests, each with important clinical application to newborns and pediatric patients. Cell lysis, plasma preparation, magnetic bead washing, thermocycling, incubation, and many other essential functions were all performed on the cartridge without any user intervention. The resulting assays demonstrate performance comparable to standard clinical laboratory assays and are economical due to the reduced hands-on effort required for each assay and lower overall reagent consumption. These capabilities allow a wide range of assays to be run simultaneously on the same cartridge using significantly reduced sample volumes with results in minutes. MDPI 2020-01-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7169462/ /pubmed/31906315 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10010021 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Sista, Rama S. Ng, Rainer Nuffer, Miriam Basmajian, Michael Coyne, Jacob Elderbroom, Jennifer Hull, Daniel Kay, Kathryn Krishnamurthy, Maithri Roberts, Christopher Wu, Daniel Kennedy, Adam D. Singh, Rajendra Srinivasan, Vijay Pamula, Vamsee K. Digital Microfluidic Platform to Maximize Diagnostic Tests with Low Sample Volumes from Newborns and Pediatric Patients |
title | Digital Microfluidic Platform to Maximize Diagnostic Tests with Low Sample Volumes from Newborns and Pediatric Patients |
title_full | Digital Microfluidic Platform to Maximize Diagnostic Tests with Low Sample Volumes from Newborns and Pediatric Patients |
title_fullStr | Digital Microfluidic Platform to Maximize Diagnostic Tests with Low Sample Volumes from Newborns and Pediatric Patients |
title_full_unstemmed | Digital Microfluidic Platform to Maximize Diagnostic Tests with Low Sample Volumes from Newborns and Pediatric Patients |
title_short | Digital Microfluidic Platform to Maximize Diagnostic Tests with Low Sample Volumes from Newborns and Pediatric Patients |
title_sort | digital microfluidic platform to maximize diagnostic tests with low sample volumes from newborns and pediatric patients |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7169462/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31906315 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10010021 |
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