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Molecular Aspects of Regional Pain Syndrome

The purpose of this review is to summarize the pathophysiology of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), the underlying molecular mechanisms, and potential treatment options for its management. CRPS is a multifactorial pain condition. CRPS is characterized by prolonged or excessive pain and changes...

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Autores principales: Baronio, Manuela, Sadia, Hajra, Paolacci, Stefano, Prestamburgo, Domenico, Miotti, Danilo, Guardamagna, Vittorio A., Natalini, Giuseppe, Sullivan, Stephanie G. B., Bertelli, Matteo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7171689/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32351641
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7697214
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author Baronio, Manuela
Sadia, Hajra
Paolacci, Stefano
Prestamburgo, Domenico
Miotti, Danilo
Guardamagna, Vittorio A.
Natalini, Giuseppe
Sullivan, Stephanie G. B.
Bertelli, Matteo
author_facet Baronio, Manuela
Sadia, Hajra
Paolacci, Stefano
Prestamburgo, Domenico
Miotti, Danilo
Guardamagna, Vittorio A.
Natalini, Giuseppe
Sullivan, Stephanie G. B.
Bertelli, Matteo
author_sort Baronio, Manuela
collection PubMed
description The purpose of this review is to summarize the pathophysiology of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), the underlying molecular mechanisms, and potential treatment options for its management. CRPS is a multifactorial pain condition. CRPS is characterized by prolonged or excessive pain and changes in skin color and temperature, and/or swelling in the affected area, and is generally caused by stimuli that lead to tissue damage. An inflammatory response involving various cytokines and autoantibodies is generated in response to acute trauma/stress. Chronic phase pathophysiology is more complex, involving the central and peripheral nervous systems. Various genetic factors involved in the chronicity of pain have been identified in CRPS patients. As with other diseases of complex pathology, CRPS is difficult to treat and no single treatment regimen is the same for two patients. Stimulation of the vagus nerve is a promising technique being tested for different gastrointestinal and inflammatory diseases. CRPS is more frequent in individuals of 61–70 years of age with a female to male ratio of 3 : 1. Menopause, migraine, osteoporosis, and asthma all represent risk factors for CRPS and in smokers the prognosis appears to be more severe. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CRPS involve both inflammatory and neurological pathways. Understanding the molecular basis of CRPS is important for its diagnosis, management, and treatment. For instance, vagal nerve stimulation might have the potential for treating CRPS through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.
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spelling pubmed-71716892020-04-29 Molecular Aspects of Regional Pain Syndrome Baronio, Manuela Sadia, Hajra Paolacci, Stefano Prestamburgo, Domenico Miotti, Danilo Guardamagna, Vittorio A. Natalini, Giuseppe Sullivan, Stephanie G. B. Bertelli, Matteo Pain Res Manag Review Article The purpose of this review is to summarize the pathophysiology of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), the underlying molecular mechanisms, and potential treatment options for its management. CRPS is a multifactorial pain condition. CRPS is characterized by prolonged or excessive pain and changes in skin color and temperature, and/or swelling in the affected area, and is generally caused by stimuli that lead to tissue damage. An inflammatory response involving various cytokines and autoantibodies is generated in response to acute trauma/stress. Chronic phase pathophysiology is more complex, involving the central and peripheral nervous systems. Various genetic factors involved in the chronicity of pain have been identified in CRPS patients. As with other diseases of complex pathology, CRPS is difficult to treat and no single treatment regimen is the same for two patients. Stimulation of the vagus nerve is a promising technique being tested for different gastrointestinal and inflammatory diseases. CRPS is more frequent in individuals of 61–70 years of age with a female to male ratio of 3 : 1. Menopause, migraine, osteoporosis, and asthma all represent risk factors for CRPS and in smokers the prognosis appears to be more severe. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CRPS involve both inflammatory and neurological pathways. Understanding the molecular basis of CRPS is important for its diagnosis, management, and treatment. For instance, vagal nerve stimulation might have the potential for treating CRPS through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Hindawi 2020-04-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7171689/ /pubmed/32351641 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7697214 Text en Copyright © 2020 Manuela Baronio et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Baronio, Manuela
Sadia, Hajra
Paolacci, Stefano
Prestamburgo, Domenico
Miotti, Danilo
Guardamagna, Vittorio A.
Natalini, Giuseppe
Sullivan, Stephanie G. B.
Bertelli, Matteo
Molecular Aspects of Regional Pain Syndrome
title Molecular Aspects of Regional Pain Syndrome
title_full Molecular Aspects of Regional Pain Syndrome
title_fullStr Molecular Aspects of Regional Pain Syndrome
title_full_unstemmed Molecular Aspects of Regional Pain Syndrome
title_short Molecular Aspects of Regional Pain Syndrome
title_sort molecular aspects of regional pain syndrome
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7171689/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32351641
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7697214
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